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Limaiinae
Taxonomy
Limaiinae was named by Martins-Neto and Vulcano (1988). Its type is Limaia.
It was reranked as the family Limaiidae by Nel et al. (2005).
It was assigned to Chrysopoidea by Nel et al. (2005); and to Chrysopidae by Martins-Neto and Vulcano (1988), Nel and Henrotay (1994), Martins-Neto (1997), Makarkin (1997), Martins-Neto (2002), Engel and Grimaldi (2008), Jepson et al. (2012), Makarkin and Archibald (2013), Khramov et al. (2015), Lu et al. (2018), Khramov (2018), Zhang et al. (2020), Chen et al. (2022), Wang et al. (2025).
It was reranked as the family Limaiidae by Nel et al. (2005).
It was assigned to Chrysopoidea by Nel et al. (2005); and to Chrysopidae by Martins-Neto and Vulcano (1988), Nel and Henrotay (1994), Martins-Neto (1997), Makarkin (1997), Martins-Neto (2002), Engel and Grimaldi (2008), Jepson et al. (2012), Makarkin and Archibald (2013), Khramov et al. (2015), Lu et al. (2018), Khramov (2018), Zhang et al. (2020), Chen et al. (2022), Wang et al. (2025).
Subtaxa
Entered
by M. Clapham on 2012-01-03; modified by M. Clapham on 2015-07-26
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1988 | Limaiinae Martins-Neto and Vulcano p. 191 |
| 1994 | Limaiinae Nel and Henrotay p. 304 |
| 1997 | Limaiinae Makarkin p. 108 |
| 1997 | Limaiinae Martins-Neto p. 69 |
| 2002 | Limaiinae Martins-Neto p. 37 |
| 2005 | Limaiidae Nel et al. p. 52 |
| 2008 | Limaiinae Engel and Grimaldi |
| 2012 | Limaiinae Jepson et al. p. 41 |
| 2013 | Limaiinae Makarkin and Archibald p. 124 |
| 2015 | Limaiinae Khramov et al. p. 26 |
| 2018 | Limaiinae Khramov p. 197 |
| 2018 | Limaiinae Lu et al. p. 564 |
| 2020 | Limaiinae Zhang et al. p. 2 |
| 2022 | Limaiinae Chen et al. p. 2 |
| 2025 | Limaiinae Wang et al. p. 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Limaiinae Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1988
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G. †Aberrantochrysa Khramov 2018
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†Aberrantochrysa buryatica Khramov 2018
†Aberrantochrysa pulchella Khramov 2018
G. †Araripechrysa Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1988
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†Araripechrysa magnifica Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1988
G. †Baisochrysa Makarkin 1997
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†Baisochrysa multinervis Makarkin 1997
†Baisochrysa pumila Khramov et al. 2015
G. †Limaia Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1988
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†Limaia adicotomica Martins-Neto 1997
†Limaia conspicua Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1988
G. †Mesypochrysa Martynov 1927
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†Mesypochrysa angusta Wang et al. 2025
†Mesypochrysa angustialata Makarkin 1997
†Mesypochrysa binervis Zhang et al. 2020
†Mesypochrysa cannabina Khramov 2018
†Mesypochrysa chrysopa Makarkin 1997
†Mesypochrysa chrysopoides Ponomarenko 1992
†Mesypochrysa coadnata Chen et al. 2022
†Mesypochrysa curvimedia Makarkin 1997
†Mesypochrysa falcata Makarkin 1997
†Mesypochrysa intermedia Panfilov 1980
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Invalid names: Mesypochrysa makarkini Nel et al. 2005 [synonym]
†Mesypochrysa latipennis Martynov 1927
†Mesypochrysa magna Makarkin 1997
†Mesypochrysa minima Makarkin 1997
†Mesypochrysa miniscula Ren and Guo 1996
†Mesypochrysa minuta Jepson et al. 2012
†Mesypochrysa naranica Khramov 2018
†Mesypochrysa nielseni Makarkin and Perkovsky 2023
†Mesypochrysa paradoxica Wang et al. 2025
†Mesypochrysa paucinervis Wang et al. 2025
†Mesypochrysa polyclada Panfilov 1980
†Mesypochrysa polyneura Ren and Guo 1996
†Mesypochrysa pusilla Zhang et al. 2020
†Mesypochrysa reducta Panfilov 1980
†Mesypochrysa sinica Khramov et al. 2015
Invalid names: Lembochrysa Ren and Guo 1996 [synonym]
G. †Protochrysa Willmann and Brooks 1991
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†Protochrysa aphrodite Willmann and Brooks 1991
†Protochrysa fuscobasalis Makarkin and Archibald 2013
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015 | |||||
Collections (31 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Callovian - Oxfordian | China (Nei Mongol) | Mesypochrysa intermedia, Mesypochrysa sinica (113371) Mesypochrysa paucinervis, Mesypochrysa angusta, Mesypochrysa paradoxica (112663) | |
| Kimmeridgian | Kazakhstan | Baisochrysa pumila (106102) Mesypochrysa latipennis (114692) Mesypochrysa makarkini (105426) Mesypochrysa polyclada, Baisochrysa pumila (106101) Mesypochrysa reducta (113439) Mesypochrysa sp., Mesypochrysa intermedia (105971) | |
| Late/Upper Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Mesypochrysa minuta (122909) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | China (Liaoning) | Lembochrysa miniscula, Lembochrysa polyneura (138436) Mesypochrysa binervis, Mesypochrysa pusilla (198810) Mesypochrysa chrysopoides (122554) | |
| Aptian | Mongolia | Mesypochrysa chrysopoides (103657) | |
| Aptian | China (Shandong) | Drakochrysa sinica (154887) | |
| Aptian | Russian Federation (Buryatia) | Mesypochrysa angustialata (122551) Mesypochrysa cannabina, Aberrantochrysa pulchella (113349) Mesypochrysa cannabina, Mesypochrysa naranica, Aberrantochrysa buryatica (113350) Mesypochrysa curvimedia (122550) Mesypochrysa magna (119498 122547) Mesypochrysa magna, Mesypochrysa falcata (122548) Mesypochrysa minima (122552) Mesypochrysa spp., Mesypochrysa chrysopa, Baisochrysa multinervis (122549) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceará) | Limaia adicotomica (122352) Limaia conspicua (149767) Limaia conspicua, Araripechrysa magnifica (125511) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Myanmar | Parabaisochrysa xingkei, Mesypochrysa coadnata (161726) | |
| Ypresian | Canada (British Columbia) | Protochrysa fuscobasalis (103205) | |
| Ypresian | Denmark | Limaiinae indet. (152156) Mesypochrysa nielseni (113029) Protochrysa aphrodite (123998) |