PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Ptychoparella

Artiopoda - Ptychopariida - Ptychopariidae

Taxonomy

Ptychoparella was named by Poulson (1927) [Sepkoski's age data: Cm Tojo-u Sepkoski's reference number: 497]. It is not extant. It is the type genus of Ptychopariidae.

It was assigned to Ptychopariida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ptychopariidae by Jell and Adrain (2002).

Species

P. lloydi, P. mettae, P. minuta, P. usualis, Syspacephalus cadyi, Syspacephalus charops, Syspacephalus crassus, Syspacephalus gregarius, Syspacephalus laticeps, Syspacephalus longus, Syspacephalus mccollumorum, Syspacephalus vapidus, Syspacephalus variosus, Syspacephalus werneckensis

Species lacking formal opinion data

P. kindlei, P. lancastra

Synonyms

Syspacephalus was named by Resser (1936) [Sepkoski's age data: Cm Tojo-l Cm lMid Sepkoski's reference number: 81,475].

It was synonymized subjectively with Ptychoparella by Jell and Adrain (2002).

It was assigned to Corynexochidae by Resser (1936); and to Ptychopariida by Palmer and Halley (1979), Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1927	Ptychoparella Poulson
1936	Syspacephalus Resser p. 28
1979	Syspacephalus Palmer and Halley p. 115
2002	Ptychoparella Jell and Adrain p. 436
2002	Ptychoparella Sepkoski
2002	Syspacephalus Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Gravenhorst 1843

Rank	Name	Author
class	Artiopoda	Hou and Bergstrom
class	Trilobita	Walch 1771
subclass	Libristoma
order	Ptychopariida	Swinnerton 1915
family	Ptychopariidae	Matthew 1887
genus	Ptychoparella	Poulson 1927

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Ptychoparella Poulson 1927

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†Ptychoparella lloydi Robison and Babcock 2011

†Ptychoparella mettae Robison and Babcock 2011

†Ptychoparella minuta Yang et al. 1993

†Ptychoparella usualis Chien and Zhou 1974

Invalid names: Syspacephalus Resser 1936 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
C. E. Resser 1936 (Syspacephalus)	Small trilobites of which the cranidium alone is known. Glabella narrow, tapering slightly ; truncated, about two-thirds as long as cranidium ; in some species ill defined on upper surface of test. Glabellar furrows showing on inner side of test. Brim convex with faint frontal furrows extending inward from the anterior angles for varying distances. Facial suture converging anterior to eyes. Eyes small. Occipital furrow developed on the cheeks, but sometimes al- most obsolete on the cranidium.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitec

Composition 2:

chitinc

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

1.0 to < 10g

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10g

Spines:

noneg

Ontogeny:

molting, addition of partsc

Environment:

marinec

Locomotion:

fast-movingc

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalc

Diet:

carnivorec

Vision:

well-developedf

Created:

2009-06-09 21:28:10

Modified:

2009-06-09 23:28:10

Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class

References: Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Dyeran to the top of the Wangcunian or 515.30000 to 497.00000 Ma

Collections (70 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cambrian	538.8 - 506.5	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Syspacephalus vapidus (156202)
Cambrian	538.8 - 486.85	Canada (British Columbia)	Syspacephalus sp. (186)
Dyeran	515.3 - 509.7	USA (Vermont)	P. sp. (191)
Dyeran	515.3 - 509.7	Canada (Yukon Territory)	Syspacephalus werneckensis (156223)
Dyeran	515.3 - 509.7	USA (Pennsylvania)	P. lancastra, P. sp. (11113) P. sp. (11115 11116) P. sp., P. lancastra (11114)
Dyeran	515.3 - 509.7	Canada (British Columbia)	P. sp. (196)
Dyeran	515.3 - 509.7	Greenland (Peary Land)	P. sp. A Blaker & Peel 1997 (99497)
Dyeran	515.3 - 509.7	USA (Nevada)	Syspacephalus sp. (96417) Syspacephalus uncus, Syspacephalus sp. (155976)
Delamaran	509.7 - 505.3	Canada (British Columbia)	Syspacephalus laevigatus, Syspacephalus perola, Syspacephalus gregarius (225262) Syspacephalus sp. (197)
Delamaran	509.7 - 505.3	USA (Vermont)	Syspacephalus sp. A (200)
Delamaran	509.7 - 505.3	USA (California)	Syspacephalus perola, Syspacephalus variosus (69516) Syspacephalus sp. (205003 205004 219702 226840) Syspacephalus variosus (69500 69502 69506 69508 69512 69513 69515)
Delamaran	509.7 - 505.3	USA (Nevada)	Syspacephalus crassus (10589) Syspacephalus laticeps (10588) Syspacephalus longus (149389 205006) Syspacephalus sp. (205002) Syspacephalus sp., Syspacephalus laticeps (10587) Syspacephalus variosus (69410 69413 69419 69429 69432 69444 69489 69495) Syspacephalus variosus, Syspacephalus laticeps (69447)
Delamaran	509.7 - 505.3	USA (Nevada and California)	Syspacephalus sp. (202)
Amgan	508.2 - 504.5	Russian Federation (Siberia)	Syspacephalus kamyschovae (235454)
Templetonian	508.0 - 504.5	USA (Nevada)	Syspacephalus mccollumorum (225158)
Middle Cambrian	506.5 - 497.0	Canada (British Columbia)	Syspacephalus crassus (188658)
Middle Cambrian	506.5 - 497.0	USA (Utah)	P. sp. (86728 86730 86734 86735 86736 86737 86740)
Middle Cambrian	506.5 - 497.0	Greenland	P. sp. A Blaker & Peel 1997 (193553)
Middle Cambrian	506.5 - 497.0	Canada (Brithish Columbia)	P. sp. (188664)
St Davids	506.5 - 497.0	USA (Nevada)	Syspacephalus crassus (50094 50095 50108 50113 50114 50293 50294 50331)
St Davids	506.5 - 497.0	Greenland	Syspacephalus sp. (10478 10481)
St Davids	506.5 - 497.0	USA (Vermont)	P. kindlei (78914) Syspacephalus sp. A (78913)
Taijangian - Wangcunian	506.5 - 497.0	China (Henan)	P. minuta (127073)
Marjumian	504.5 - 497.0	USA (Utah)	P. lloydi (230682)
Wangcunian	504.5 - 497.0	China (Guizhou)	P. usualis (107324)