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Permaeschnidae
Taxonomy
Permaeschnidae was named by Martynov (1931). Its type is Permaeschna.
It was assigned to Protanisoptera by Martynov (1931); to Permanisoptera by Martynov (1932); to Protanisoptera by Carpenter (1992), Huguet et al. (2002); and to Ditaxineuromorpha by Bechly (2007).
It was assigned to Protanisoptera by Martynov (1931); to Permanisoptera by Martynov (1932); to Protanisoptera by Carpenter (1992), Huguet et al. (2002); and to Ditaxineuromorpha by Bechly (2007).
Subtaxa
Gondvanoptilon, Permaeschna (type genus)
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1931 | Permaeschnidae Martynov |
| 1932 | Permaeschnidae Martynov |
| 1992 | Permaeschnidae Carpenter p. 66 |
| 2002 | Permaeschnidae Huguet et al. p. 541 |
| 2007 | Permaeschnidae Bechly |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| A. Huguet et al. 2002 | This family is characterized by the following synapomorphies, after the present phylogenetic analysis (see below): (1) IMA divided into two main branches, the posterior branch being parallel to MP, the anterior branch being parallel to MA, and with secondary branches begin- ning on the posterior branch; (2) RA with a long distal posterior branch; (3) two or more distinctly transverse cells between RP1 and IR2, near the base of IR2; (4) numerous secondary longitudinal veins between RP3/4 and IR2.
The ‘wings large with many cells’ of the Permaeschnidae is probably a more homoplastic character. The pterostigma basally and distally prolonged is also present in Callimokal- tania martynovi ZALESSKY, 1955, that does not fall in the same clade, after the present phylogenetic analysis (see below). Also, the presence of two or more cross-veins between RP1 and the posterior margin of the pterostigma is a character shared by Hemizygopteron uralense ZA- LESSKY, 1955 and Ditaxineura cellulosa CARPENTER, 1933. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015 | |||||
Age range: base of the Kungurian to the top of the Changhsingian or 283.30000 to 251.90200 Ma
Collections (4 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kungurian | Brazil (São Paulo) | Gondvanoptilon brasiliense (137840) | |
| Roadian | Russian Federation (Arkangelsk) | Permaeschna dolloi (104992) Permaeschna dolloi, Permaeschna proxima (104993) | |
| Changhsingian | South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal) | Permaeschnidae indet. (14350) |