PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Apenesia

Insecta - Hymenoptera - Bethylidae

Taxonomy

Apenesia was named by Westwood (1874). It is extant.

It was assigned to Bethyllides by Westwood (1874); to Bethylinae by Ashmead (1893); to Bethylidae by Carpenter (1992); and to Pristocerinae by Sorg (1988), Azevedo and Azar (2012), Azevedo et al. (2018), Colombo et al. (2020), Brazidec et al. (2023).

Species

A. miki

Synonyms

Archaeopristocera was named by Terayama (2004).

It was synonymized subjectively with Apenesia by Azevedo et al. (2018), Colombo et al. (2020).

It was assigned to Pristocerinae by Terayama (2004), Azevedo and Azar (2012).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1874	Apenesia Westwood p. 170
1893	Apenesia Ashmead p. 46
1988	Apenesia Sorg p. 56
1992	Apenesia Carpenter
2004	Archaeopristocera Terayama p. 43
2012	Apenesia Azevedo and Azar p. 217
2012	Archaeopristocera Azevedo and Azar p. 217
2018	Apenesia Azevedo et al. p. 64
2020	Apenesia Colombo et al. p. 1737
2023	Apenesia Brazidec et al. p. 365

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Gravenhorst 1843
—	Deuteropoda
—	Mandibulata
—	Pancrustacea	Zrzavý and Štys 1997
—	Altocrustacea	Regier et al. 2010
superclass	Allotriocarida
—	Athalassocarida
—	Labiocarida	Schwentner et al. 2017
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
—	Cercofilata

Rank	Name	Author
class	Insecta
—	Dicondylia
—	Paranotalia
subclass	Pterygota	()
—	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
—	Holometabola
—	Hymenopterida
order	Hymenoptera
—	Unicalcarida
suborder	Apocrita	Gerstaecker 1867
—	Aculeata	()
superfamily	Chrysidoidea
family	Bethylidae	Forster 1856
subfamily	Pristocerinae	Mocsary 1881
genus	Apenesia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Apenesia Westwood 1874

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†Apenesia miki Terayama 2004

Invalid names: Archaeopristocera Terayama 2004 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Burdigalian to the top of the Langhian or 20.45000 to 13.82000 Ma

Collections: one only

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.45 - 13.82	Dominican Republic	Archaeopristocera miki (151097)