Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Parent taxon: Canidae according to F. J. Prevosti 2023
See also Albright et al. 2019, Amri et al. 2017, Bartolini Lucenti 2021, Bartolini-Lucenti and Spassov 2022, Berta 1984, Bjork 1970, de Bonis et al. 2007, Fourvel and Frerebeau 2023, García 2008, Garrido and Arribas 2008, Hartstone-Rose et al. 2013, Hay 1902, Jiangzuo et al. 2018, Jiangzuo et al. 2022, Kurten and Anderson 1980, Ramirez and Prevosti 2014, Ruiz-Ramoni et al. 2022, Sotnikova 2006, Spassov and Rook 2006, Tedford and Wang 2008, Tedford et al. 2009, Valenciano et al. 2022, Wang et al. 2015, Wang et al. 1999 and Wang et al. 2008
Sister taxa: Alopex, Amphicyon angustidens, Borophaginae, Chailicyon, Cubacyon, Cuon, Cynotherium, Dysodus, Hesperocyoninae, Hydrocyon, Icticyon, Leucocyon, Lupulella, Lupus, Lycaon, Lycorus, Megalotis, Otocyoninae, Palaeocyon, Plesiocyon, Schaeffia, Simenia, Synagodus, Thous, Vulpes
Subtaxa: Aenocyon Canini Canis Chrysocyon Leptocyon Lycalopex Nyctereutes Protocyon Theriodictis Vulpini
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore-omnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Algeria (2 collections), Argentina (51), Austria (1), Belgium (1), Bolivia (7), Brazil (25), Canada (38: Alberta, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon), Chile (10), China (14), Colombia (1), the Congo-Kinshasa (3), Cook Islands (1), Croatia (1), Cuba (1), the Czech Republic (4), Ecuador (3), Egypt (5), Ethiopia (2), France (32), Georgia (2), Germany (12), Greece (23), Greenland (9), Guatemala (1), Hungary (8), Israel (6), Italy (39), Japan (4), Kazakhstan (2), Kenya (4), Kyrgyzstan (1), Libya (2), Madagascar (2), Malta (1), the Marshall Islands (1), Mexico (12), Monaco (1), Mongolia (1), Morocco (8), the Netherlands (4), Niger (1), North Atlantic (1), Northern Mariana Islands (2), Norway (1), Pakistan (1), Peru (11), Poland (1), Portugal (2), Romania (9), the Russian Federation (10), Slovakia (1), South Africa (17), Spain (20), Sudan (6), Syria (1), Taiwan (1), Tajikistan (2), Tanzania (3), Tunisia (1), Turkey (3), Turkmenistan (1), the United Kingdom (6), United States (236: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming), Uruguay (4), Venezuela (4), Vietnam (1), Zambia (2)
• Blancan of El Salvador (1), Mexico (4), United States (75: Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Argentina (1), Bulgaria (1), China (2), France (2), Greece (3), Italy (2), South Africa (4), Tajikistan (1), Turkey (1), United States (1: Nebraska), Venezuela (3)
• Pliocene of Argentina (2), Canada (1: Northwest Territories), China (11), Ethiopia (6), France (4), Georgia (2), Greece (3), Hungary (4), Italy (3), Kazakhstan (1), Kenya (1), Moldova (4), Mongolia (2), Morocco (2), Poland (1), Romania (3), the Russian Federation (7), South Africa (2), Spain (5), Tajikistan (3), Tanzania (12), Turkey (1), Ukraine (3), United States (2: California, Idaho)
• Hemphillian of Mexico (8), United States (48: Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Washington)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Greece (1), Morocco (1), South Africa (3)
• Miocene to Pleistocene of Spain (1)
• Miocene of Brazil (1), Canada (3: Saskatchewan), Italy (2), Kenya (1), Mongolia (1), Spain (2), United States (133: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Kansas, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas)
• Neogene of Italy (1)
• Harrisonian of United States (10: Florida, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming)
• Arikareean of United States (7: California, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota)
• Oligocene of United States (5: Oregon, South Dakota)
Total: 1107 collections including 1354 occurrences