Alternative spelling: Modiomorphacea
Parent taxon: Modiomorphida according to J. G. Carter et al. 2011
See also Bouchet et al. 2010, Nevesskaja 2009, Newell 1965, Sánchez 2001 and Vokes 1980
Sister taxa: Brahcylyrodesma, Caspiconcha, Cycloconchacea, Junjagiana, Rimmyjmima
Subtaxa: Coxiconchidae Cypricardiniidae Hippopodiumidae Modiomorphidae Palaeopharidae Tusayanidae
Ecology: stationary semi-infaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Jurassic of Yemen (4 collections)
• Triassic to Jurassic of United States (1: Alaska)
• Triassic of Japan (8), the Russian Federation (20), United States (3: Alaska, Nevada)
• Permian of Brazil (5), China (1), Greenland (2), India (1), Indonesia (1), Madagascar (1), Mongolia (1), Pakistan (1), Peru (1), the Russian Federation (15), South Africa (1), Tanzania (2), United States (8: Alaska, Arizona, Texas, Wyoming)
• Namurian of Australia (1)
• Carboniferous of Antarctica (1), Argentina (1), Australia (2), Canada (1: Alberta), Germany (1), Libya (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (57: Alaska, Arkansas, California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Nevada, New Mexico, Tennessee, Virginia)
• Devonian to Carboniferous of the United Kingdom (3)
• Devonian of Algeria (1), Antarctica (3), Argentina (1), Australia (38), Belgium (1), Brazil (13), Canada (10: Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Quebec), China (16), Colombia (13), the Czech Republic (3), France (3), Germany (3), Italy (1), Japan (1), Kazakhstan (1), Libya (4), Luxembourg (3), Morocco (5), New Zealand (6), Poland (2), the Russian Federation (6), Saudi Arabia (1), South Africa (5), Spain (1), Turkey (1), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (5), United States (339: Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvannia, Virginia, West Virginia), Uruguay (1), Venezuela (5), Vietnam (2)
• Silurian to Devonian of Argentina (1), Morocco (2), Poland (1)
• Silurian of Argentina (3), Australia (1), Austria (1), Canada (17: Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario), China (13), the Czech Republic (19), Estonia (2), Germany (1), Italy (4), Jordan (5), Morocco (1), Norway (1), Poland (1), Spain (2), Sweden (19), the United Kingdom (38), United States (54: Alaska, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan and Ohio, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
• Dobrotivian of the Czech Republic (2), France (4), Morocco (1), Portugal (4), Spain (13)
• Letna of the Czech Republic (1)
• Whiterockian of United States (4: Minnesota, Utah)
• Chazyan of Canada (8: Ontario, Quebec), United States (15: New York)
• Fennian of France (1)
• Volkhov of Argentina (1)
• Arenig of Argentina (9), Bolivia (2), China (3), France (6), Morocco (2)
• Klabava of France (1)
• Dawan of China (1)
• Ordovician of Argentina (6), Australia (3), Bolivia (1), Canada (45: British Columbia, Manitoba, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Québec), China (7), the Czech Republic (11), Estonia (1), France (6), Morocco (9), North Korea (2), Norway (9), Peru (1), Portugal (1), the Russian Federation (2), South Korea (1), Spain (11), Sweden (8), Turkey (1), the United Kingdom (23), United States (255: Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Minnesota, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa)
• Tremadoc of China (6)
Total: 1313 collections including 1955 occurrences