Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Ringiculidae
Parent taxon: Acteonoidea according to J. Gründel and A. Nützel 2012
See also Allison 1955, Beesley 1998, Harzhauser and Mandic 2001, Sohl 1964, Squires 1999, Squires and Saul 2001, Todd 2001, Ward and Blackwelder 1987 and Wienrich and Janssen 2007
Sister taxa: Acteonacea, Acteonellidae, Acteonidae, Aplustridae, Bullinidae, Cylindrobullinidae, Euactaeonina, Hydatinidae, Tubiferidae
Subtaxa: Avellana Biplica Cinulia Eriptycha Gilbertina Microglyphis Oligoptycha Ringicula Ringinella
Ecology: epifaunal carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Australia (1 collection), Costa Rica (2), Ecuador (1), Italy (3), Japan (3), Mayotte (3), New Zealand (1), Panama (1), the Philippines (1), South Africa (2), Thailand (2), United States (8: California, Florida, North Carolina)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Malaysia (6)
• Pliocene of Costa Rica (10), Ecuador (3), Greece (2), Holy See (Vatican City State) (1), India (1), Indonesia (2), Italy (4), Jamaica (3), Japan (1), the Netherlands (1), Pakistan (1), Panama (14), South Africa (1), the United Kingdom (3), United States (2: Florida), Vanuatu (1), Venezuela (4)
• Miocene of Austria (4), Belgium (9), Denmark (2), the Dominican Republic (1), France (2), Germany (56), Greece (2), Indonesia (11), Italy (9), the Netherlands (3), New Zealand (4), Panama (22), Poland (1), Romania (1), Slovakia (1), South Africa (1), Trinidad and Tobago (1), United States (17: Florida)
• Oligocene of Austria (1), Germany (1), Panama (1), United States (42: Mississippi, Washington)
• Eocene of Angola (1), Antarctica (1), Belgium (1), Bulgaria (3), Egypt (1), France (19), Hungary (1), Indonesia (2), Pakistan (6), the United Kingdom (16), United States (70: Alabama, California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas)
• Tertiary of United States (1: California)
• Paleocene of Antarctica (1), Australia (3), Austria (1), Belgium (1), Colombia (2), Denmark (6), Egypt (5), France (1), Greenland (3), Japan (1), Poland (4), the Russian Federation (1), the United Kingdom (2), United States (42: Alabama, California, Louisiana, Maryland, Texas)
• Cretaceous of Angola (1), Antarctica (1), Argentina (3), Australia (2), Austria (1), Brazil (3), Cameroon (2), Canada (1: Alberta), Egypt (2), France (10), Germany (6), Indian Ocean (1), Japan (15), Madagascar (4), Mexico (5), Mozambique (8), New Zealand (11), Poland (8), the Russian Federation (1), South Africa (2), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (1), Switzerland (4), Tanzania (1), Turkmenistan (1), the United Kingdom (9), United States (262: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Wyoming)
• Jurassic of Germany (1), New Zealand (1)
Total: 842 collections including 954 occurrences