Bivalvia - Pholadida - Pholadidae
Synonym: Zirfaeinae Gray 1851
Parent taxon: Pholadidae according to J. G. Carter et al. 2011
See also Abbott 1974, Beu 2006, Bouchet et al. 2010, Glenn 1904, Kennedy 1993 and Vokes 1980
Sister taxa: Cyrtopleura, Dactylina, Diplothyra, Jouannetiinae, Lignopholas, Martesia, Martesiinae, Martesinae, Opertochasma, Teredina, Xylophaginae, Zirphaea
Subtaxa: Barnea Clavipholas Cyrtopleuropsis Euxinibarneini Monothyra Nipponopholas Pholadini Pholas Zirfaea Zirlona
Ecology: stationary boring suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Angola (1 collection), Australia (1), Belgium (1), Chile (1), Ecuador (1), Iceland (1), Ireland (1), Japan (3), Mexico (4), Morocco (3), Namibia (1), New Zealand (1), Peru (1), South Africa (3), Thailand (1), the United Kingdom (5), United States (45: California, Delaware, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia), Venezuela (1)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Chile (1)
• Pliocene of Belgium (1), Italy (2), Japan (1), South Africa (1), Trinidad and Tobago (2), the United Kingdom (6), United States (5: California, North Carolina)
• Miocene of Argentina (1), Australia (1), Austria (1), Bulgaria (1), Colombia (2), Germany (1), Iran (2), Italy (1), Jamaica (1), Japan (1), Kazakhstan (1), New Zealand (1), the Russian Federation (1), Trinidad and Tobago (1), United States (7: California, Delaware, Maryland)
• Neogene of Taiwan (1)
• Oligocene of Canada (1: British Columbia), United States (1: Mississippi)
• Eocene of Argentina (3), France (1), Jamaica (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (4: Alabama, Mississippi, Texas)
• Paleocene of United States (14: Alabama, Illinois, Virginia)
• Cretaceous of Switzerland (2), United States (45: Alabama, California, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Dakota, Texas)
Total: 191 collections including 208 occurrences