Parent taxon: Polypodiopsida according to V. S. Perez Loinaze et al. 2023
See also Chandler 1961, Chandler 1963, Gardner and Ettingshausen 1880, Hickey 1977, Holmes 1982, I 2016, Jain and Delevoryas 1967, Jud 2011, Knowlton 1919, Mabberley 2000, McIver and Basinger 1993, McLoughlin et al. 1995, Moisan et al. 2010, Retallack 1981, Vavrek et al. 2007 and Vera et al. 2022
Sister taxa: Acrocarpus, Biretisporites, Blechnaceae, Cladophlebis, Dicksoniaceae, Equisetidae, Gleicheniaceae, Marattiidae, Marsileaceae, Polypodiaceae, Polypodiidae, Protopteris, Pseudosalvinia, Pterygopteris, Punctatosporites, Schizopteris, Tempskyaceae, Verrucosisporites
Subtaxa: Acrostichites Anomorrhoea Baculatisporites Bathypteris Chasmatopteris Chinlea Cladotheca Claytosmunda Iegosigopteris Itopsidema Mesolonchopteris Millerocaulis Osmunda Osmundacaulis Osmundasporites Osmundites Osmundopsis Palaeosmunda Petcheropteris Phyllopteroides Rotverrusporites Rugulatisporites Stellatheca Thamnopteris Todea Todeopsis Todisporangiaites Todites Zalesskya
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Australia (19 collections), India (2), United States (1: North Carolina)
• Pliocene of Germany (2), India (2), Portugal (10)
• Miocene to Oligocene of United States (1: Montana)
• Miocene to Pliocene of South Atlantic (2)
• Miocene of Argentina (2), Australia (14), Canada (1: Northwest Territories), China (1), Germany (1), Japan (1), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (1), United States (7: Massachusetts, Montana)
• Oligocene to Eocene of United States (1: Oregon)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Argentina (6), Australia (2)
• Oligocene of the Czech Republic (1), Germany (1), Spain (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (1: Idaho)
• Eocene of Antarctica (11), Argentina (19), Australia (2), Canada (1: British Columbia), China (3), Colombia (4), Germany (1), the Russian Federation (1), the United Kingdom (2), United States (4: Alaska, Colorado, Idaho), Vietnam (1)
• Clarkforkian of United States (3: North Dakota)
• Paleogene of India (1)
• Paleocene of Antarctica (1), Argentina (10), Australia (5), Canada (7: Manitoba, Saskatchewan), China (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (3: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of Antarctica (1), New Zealand (2)
• Cretaceous of Antarctica (45), Argentina (24), Australia (19), Brazil (1), Canada (4: Alberta, British Columbia), Colombia (9), Egypt (1), France (1), Germany (1), India (5), Japan (1), Kazakhstan (1), Mexico (1), Morocco (1), Nigeria (1), the Russian Federation (1), South Sudan (3), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (2), the United Kingdom (1), United States (9: California, Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming)
• Jurassic to Cretaceous of Antarctica (1), Chile (1), India (3)
• Jurassic of Antarctica (2), Argentina (6), Canada (1: Nunavut), China (46), Georgia (7), Germany (1), Greenland (11), India (22), Iran (2), Israel (1), Japan (4), Kazakhstan (3), Kyrgyzstan (1), Libya (1), Poland (3), Portugal (1), Romania (4), the Russian Federation (28), Tajikistan (20), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (15), Uzbekistan (2)
• Triassic to Jurassic of Canada (1: Northwest Territories), France (1), Georgia (1), Mexico (1), Sweden (1), Ukraine (1)
• Triassic of Argentina (1), Australia (1), Canada (1: Nunavut), Chile (2), China (65), Germany (4), Greenland (5), Hungary (3), India (2), Japan (2), Kazakhstan (1), Malaysia (1), Mexico (1), New Zealand (1), Norway (5), the Russian Federation (17), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (2), Sweden (1), Tajikistan (1), Thailand (1), Ukraine (3), United States (5: New Mexico, Virginia, Virginia/North Carolina)
• Rotliegendes of Norway (2)
• Permian of Australia (5), Israel (1), Norway (2), the Russian Federation (9)
• Carboniferous of France (1), United States (3: Illinois)
Total: 638 collections including 834 occurrences