Parent taxon: Carnivora according to A. Valenciano et al. 2018
See also Abella et al. 2012, Berta and Morgan 1985, Bryant 1991, Davis et al. 2004, de Bones et al. 2017, Fay 1985, Flynn and Galiano 1982, Kohno et al. 1995, Koretsky 2001, Labs Hochstein 2007, Morlo et al. 2007, Owen 2006, Peigné et al. 2006, Polly et al. 2006, Prevosti and Ferrero 2008, Robles et al. 2010, Tedford 1976, Tedford et al. 1994, Tedford et al. 2009, Tomiya 2011, Tomiya and Tseng 2016, Tseng and Geisler 2016, Wang 1994, Wang et al. 2005, Wang and Tedford 1992, Wang et al. 1999, Wesley and Flynn 2003, Wolson 1993 and Zhai et al. 2003
Sister taxa: Adcrocuta, Adracon, Arctoidea, Barbourofelidae, Feliformia, Fissipedia, Miacoidea, Monachiopsis, Percrocutidae, Pristinictis, Prohesperocyon, Ravenictis, Thos, Ursina, Viverra memphitis, Vulpavus
Subtaxa: Amphicyonidae Canoidea Cynoidea Lycophocyon Mustelidae Palaearctonyx Procynodictis
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore-omnivore