Aves - Charadriiformes - Laridae
Parent taxon: Laroidea according to B. C. Livezey and R. L. Zusi 2007
See also Baird 1992, Brodkorb 1955, Carnevale and Godfrey 2018, Carroll 1988, Chandler 1990, Clements et al. 2017, De Pietri et al. 2011, del Hoyo et al. 2014, Gohlich 2003, Guthrie 1992, Hay 1902, Hay 1930, Lambrecht 1933, Mayr 2005, Mayr 2022, Mourer-Chauviré et al. 2004, Olson 1975, Olson and Rasmussen 2001, Parmalee 1992, Smith 2011, Warheit 2002, Wetmore 1940, Wetmore 1956 and Worthy et al. 2007
Sister taxa: none
Subtaxa: Anoinae Anous Chlidonias Chroicocephalus Creagrus Gaviota Gelochelidon Gyginae Gygis Hydrocoloeus Hydroprogne Larinae Larosterna Larus Leucophaeus Limosavis Onychoprion Pagophila Rhodostethia Rissa Rynchopinae Sterna Sterninae Sternula Thalasseus Xema
Type: Larus
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of American Samoa (1 collection), Antarctica (1), Argentina (1), Australia (2), Azerbaijan (1), the Bahamas (3), Brazil (2), Canada (18: Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Quebec, Yukon), Chile (2), the Congo-Kinshasa (1), Cook Islands (9), East Timor (1), Ecuador (2), Falkland Islands (Malvinas) (1), Finland (2), France (1), French Polynesia (17), Greece (2), Greenland (13), India (1), Italy (5), Japan (2), Madagascar (1), the Marshall Islands (4), Mexico (1), Micronesia (4), New Zealand (11), Niue (8), Northern Mariana Islands (12), Norway (2), Palau (5), Peru (1), Pitcairn (12), Portugal (1), Puerto Rico (1), the Russian Federation (5), Saint Helena (12), the Seychelles (1), Solomon Islands (26), South Africa (3), Spain (7), Tonga (4), the United Kingdom (2), United States (43: Alabama, Alaska, California, Colorado, Florida, Oregon, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming), Venezuela (4)
• Blancan of United States (5: California)
• Pliocene of South Africa (1), United States (3: Florida, North Carolina)
• Miocene of Austria (1), Bulgaria (1), New Zealand (2), United States (5: Florida, North Carolina, Virginia)
• Oligocene of Germany (1), United States (1: Oregon)
Total: 278 collections including 485 occurrences