Aves - Passeriformes - Fringillidae
Parent taxon: Passeriformes according to J. F. Clements et al. 2017
See also Carroll 1988, Hay 1902, Hay 1930, Lambrecht 1933, Olson and James 1982, Wetmore 1940 and Wetmore 1956
Sister taxa: Acanthisittidae, Acanthizidae, Acrocephalidae, Alaudidae, Artamidae, Atrichornithidae, Bernieridae, Bombycillidae, Calcariidae, Callaeidae, Calyptophilidae, Campephagidae, Cardinalidae, Certhiidae, Cinclidae, Cinclosomatidae, Climacteridae, Coerebidae, Corvidae, Corvitalusoides, Cracticidae, Dasyornithidae, Dicaeidae, Dulidae, Emberizidae, Eopsaltriidae, Estrildidae, Eurylaimidae, Formicaroidae, Fringilloidae, Furnariidae, Hirundinidae, Icteridae, Laniidae, Locustellidae, Macrosphenidae, Maluridae, Meliphagidae, Menurae, Mimidae, Mohoidae, Mohouidae, Monarchidae, Motacillidae, Muscicapidae, Nectariniidae, Oriolidae, Orthonychidae, Oscines, Pachycephalidae, Paradisaeidae, Paridae, Parulidae, Passerellidae, Passeres, Passeridae, Petroicidae, Phaenicophilidae, Phylloscopidae, Pipridae, Ploceidae, Polioptilidae, Prunellidae, Psophodidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Pycnonotidae, Rhinocryptidae, Rhipiduridae, Scotocercidae, Scytalopidae, Sittidae, Spindalidae, Sturnidae, Sylviidae, Thamnophilidae, Thraupidae, Tichodromidae, Tityridae, Troglodytidae, Turdidae, Tyrannidae, Vangidae, Vireonidae, Wieslochia, Winnicavis, Yunnanus, Zosteropidae
Subtaxa: Acanthis Akialoa Carduelinae Carduelis Carpodacus Chloridops Chloris Chlorodrepanis Coccothraustes Drepanidini Drepanis Fringilla Fringillinae Haemorhous Hemignathus Himatione Leucosticte Linaria Loxia Loxioides Magumma Oreomystis Paroreomyza Pinicola Pseudonestor Psittirostra Rhodacanthis Rhynchostruthus Richmondeninae Serinus Spinus Telespiza
Ecology: volant granivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Argentina (1 collection), Azerbaijan (1), France (3), Greece (5), Haiti (1), Italy (9), New Zealand (9), Norway (1), Portugal (1), Romania (1), the Russian Federation (2), Spain (15), the United Kingdom (2), United States (16: California, Colorado, Hawaii, New Mexico, Tennessee, Virginia, Wyoming), Yemen (2)
• Neogene of United States (2: Arizona)
• Miocene of United States (1: Florida)
Total: 72 collections including 130 occurrences