Parent taxon: Urodela according to J. D. Gardner 2003
See also Carroll 1988, Cope 1875, Estes 1964, Estes 1981, Estes and Berberian 1970, Evans et al. 1996, Frank and Ramus 1996, Gadow 1898, Gao and Shubin 2001, Kuhn 1946, Skutschas and Gubin 2012 and Sullivan 1991
Sister taxa: Ambystomatoidea, Amphiumidae, Cryptobranchoidea, Hemitrypus, Hynobiidae, Iridotriton, Kiyatriton, Laccotriton, Liaoxitriton, Meantes, Menopomidae, Neocaudata, Nesovtriton, Nezpercius, Plethodontidae, Pleurodelidae, Polysemia, Proteidae, Rhyacotritonidae, Salamandra, Salamandridae, Salamandroidea, Seminobatrachus, Sinerpeton, Thoriidae, Valdotriton
Subtaxa: Adelphesiren Habrosaurus Kababisha Noterpeton Pseudobranchus Siren
Ecology: amphibious carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of United States (20: Florida, Georgia collections)
• Blancan of United States (2: Florida)
• Hemphillian of United States (1: Florida)
• Miocene of United States (8: Florida, Nebraska, Texas)
• Oligocene of United States (1: Florida)
• Eocene of United States (1: Wyoming)
• Paleocene of United States (11: Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, Texas, Wyoming)
• Cretaceous of Bolivia (1), Canada (2: Alberta, Saskatchewan), Morocco (2), Sudan (1), United States (51: Montana, New Jersey, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming)
Total: 101 collections including 111 occurrences