Full reference: E. Haeckel. 1894. Systematische Phylogenie der Protisten und Pflanzen. Entwurf eines Natürlichen Systems der Organismen auf Grund ihrer Stammesgeschichte. Theil1, Systematische Phylogenie der Protisten und Pflanzen
Parent taxon: Dinophyceae according to E. Haeckel 1894
See also Guler et al. 2005
Sister taxa: Actiniscales, Actinotheca, Aiora, Algidasphaeridium, Anthatractus, Apteodinium, Arcticacysta, Aremoricanium, Belodinium, Bicarinellum, Broomea, Calcicarpinium, Calcigonellum, Calciogranellum, Calcipterellum, Calcisphaerellum, Caligodinium, Cantulodinium, Ceratocoryaceae, Chiropteridium, Cryptarchaeodinium, Cymatiogalea, Danea, Diconodinium, Dictyopyxidia, Diornatosphaera, Diplotesta, Disconodinium, Distatodinium, Dollidinium, Downiesphaeridium, Echinidinium, Eodinia, Evansia, Exochosphaeridium, Favilarnax, Galea, Gillinia, Gonyaulacales, Gymnodinium, Heliodinium, Heteraulacacysta, Heterocapsaceae, Histiophora, Horologinella, Hystrichokibotium, Hystrichosphaeropsis, Invertocysta, Kofoidopsis, Komewuia, Lithodinia, Lithoperidinium, Membranophoridium, Millioudodinium, Multiplicisphaeridium, Nannoceratopsiaceae, Nannoceratopsiella, Nelsoniella, Odontochitinopsis, Oodnadattia, Ovoidinium, Palaeoglenodinium, Palaeoperidinioideae, Palaeotetradinium, Paleopedicystus, Palmnickia, Pareodiniaceae, Pentafidia, Peridinites, Phanerodinium, Polyedryxium, Polykrikaceae, Polystephanephorus, Polystephanosphaera, Priscogalea, Prolixosphaeridium, Pseudodeflandrea, Ptychodiscales, Pulvinosphaeridium, Raphidodinium, Rottnestia, Samlandia, Scriniocassis, Spherites, Spiniferites, Stephanelytron, Suessia, Taeniophora, Teneridinium, Tenua, Ternia, Thoracosphaerales, Toolongia, Triblastula, Trichodinium, Valvaeodinium, Vulcanisphaera, Wallodinium, Wetzeliella, Wetzelodinium, Xenicodinium, Xenikoon
Subtaxa: Aireiana Angustidinium Arachnodinium Barssidinium Bitorus Blysmatodinium Deflandreaceae Herendeenia Laciniadinium Multispinula Noricysta Octodinium Pentapharsodinium Peridiniaceae Protoperidiniaceae Rhabdothorax Shublikodinium Stoveracysta Susadinium Tectatodinium Tuberculodinium
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Canada (1: Quebec collection), Italy (2)
• Pliocene of the Netherlands (1)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Belgium (1)
• Miocene of Argentina (4), Australia (1), Azerbaijan (3), Belgium (1), United States (1: Maryland)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Argentina (1)
• Oligocene of Argentina (18), Azerbaijan (1), Denmark (2), Germany (1)
• Eocene of Antarctica (2), Azerbaijan (1), Japan (1), the Russian Federation (1), Ukraine (1), United States (2: Missouri, Virginia)
• Paleocene of Argentina (3), New Zealand (1), United States (11: Missouri)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of Antarctica (1)
• Cretaceous of Antarctica (67), Argentina (27), Brazil (90), Canada (5: Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Saskatchewan), Chile (1), Egypt (36), Ghana (21), India (2), Israel (1), New Zealand (1), Nigeria (21), Oman (1), Slovakia (3), Spain (1), Sudan (11), the United Kingdom (1), United States (4: Alabama, Mississippi)
• Jurassic of China (1)
• Triassic of Canada (1: Alberta)
• Permian of Canada (1: Alberta)
Total: 358 collections including 775 occurrences