Actinopteri - Istiophoriformes
Parent taxon: Carangimorphariae according to R. Betancur et al. 2013
See also Ebersole et al. 2019 and Nelson et al. 2016
Sister taxa: Carangiformes, Centropomidae, Menidae, Pleuronectiformes, Polynemidae, Toxotidae
Subtaxa: Istiophoridae Xiphiidae
Ecology: nektonic omnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Italy (1 collection), United States (1: South Carolina)
• Blancan of United States (1: California)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Italy (1)
• Pliocene of France (1), Italy (3), Mexico (3), South Africa (1), United States (2: California, North Carolina)
• Miocene of Algeria (2), Austria (1), Chile (3), Italy (3), Panama (2), Peru (4), United States (6: California, North Carolina, Virginia)
• Oligocene of Australia (1), United States (2: South Carolina)
• Eocene of Antarctica (1), Belgium (1), Kazakhstan (1), the United Kingdom (5), United States (5: Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina)
• Paleocene of United States (2: Maryland, New Jersey)
Total: 53 collections including 72 occurrences