Reptilia - Squamata - Viperidae
Full reference: M. Oppel. 1811. Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien als Prodom einer Naturgeschichte Derselben. Joseph Lindauer, München xii-86
Parent taxon: Colubroidea according to T. Ikeda et al. 2016
See also Böhme 2008, Carroll 1988, Cernansky et al. 2015, Cope 1871, Cope 1875, Frank and Ramus 1996, Gadow 1898, Kuhn 1946, Perrier 1928, Szyndlar 1987, Venczel and Stiuca 2008 and Zittel 1890
Sister taxa: Crotalidae, Elapidae, Headonophis, Lamprophiidae, Procerophis, Rhabdosomidae, Russellopheidae, Vectophis
Subtaxa: Bothrops Laophis Provipera Provipera boettgeri
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Brazil (1 collection), Japan (1), Poland (1), South Africa (3), Spain (1), Tanzania (1), United States (3: Arizona, Florida)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Venezuela (1)
• Pliocene of Argentina (1), Greece (1), Kenya (1), Poland (2), Spain (1)
• Hemphillian of United States (2: Florida, Tennessee)
• Miocene of the Czech Republic (1), France (2), Germany (5), Greece (1), Hungary (4), Namibia (2), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (2), Saudi Arabia (1), Serbia and Montenegro (3), Spain (3), Switzerland (1), Thailand (1), Turkey (1), United States (4: Nebraska, Texas)
• Harrisonian of United States (1: Nebraska)
• Oligocene of Germany (1)
Total: 54 collections including 56 occurrences