Bivalvia - Nuculida - Cardiolariidae
Full reference: J. C. W. Cope. 1997. The early phylogeny of the Class Bivalvia. Palaeontology 40(3):713-746
Parent taxon: Nuculida according to S. Mondal and P. J. Harries 2016
See also Bouchet et al. 2010 and Cope 1997
Sister taxa: Clinopista, Cnestriella, Ctenodontoidea, Dysondonta, Eonuculoma, Eritropsis, Iheringinucula, Kasachia, Leiodysodonta, Lepteviella, Menneroctenia, Neiloides, Nuculacea, Nuculoidea, Paleostraba, Phaseoloidea, Phestioides, Pristiglomoidea, Pseudoleda, Pseudonuculana, Scyphoconcha, Xiaoshuisulcna, Zechania
Subtaxa: Cardiolaria Deceptrix Inaequidens
Ecology: slow-moving infaunal deposit feeder
Distribution:
• Devonian of Argentina (1 collection), Australia (2)
• Silurian of Argentina (3), United States (1: Ohio)
• Dobrotivian of the Czech Republic (1), France (2), Morocco (1), Portugal (3), Spain (8)
• Letna of the Czech Republic (1)
• Whiterockian of United States (1: Minnesota)
• Ordovician of Australia (5), Canada (1: Ontario), China (2), the Czech Republic (6), France (1), Ireland (1), Morocco (2), Norway (2), Poland (1), Portugal (1), Spain (6), the United Kingdom (8), United States (49: Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Minnesota, Minnesota, Illinois, Iowa, Nevada, Ohio, Tennessee)
Total: 109 collections including 118 occurrences