Full reference: E. D. Cope. 1887. Zittel's Manual of Palaeontology. The American Naturalist 21(11):1014-1019
Parent taxon: Actinopterygii according to A. S. Woodward 1895
See also Casier 1965, Casier 1966, Cope 1887, Hay 1902, Jordan 1963 and Rapp 1946
Sister taxa: Actinopteri, Aeduelliformes, Aesopichthyidae, Aetheospondyli, Aetheretmon, Aethocephalichthys, Akanolepis, Ameghinichthys, Anapterus, Aneurolepis, Asarotiformes, Atkinsonella, Australichthys, Avamia, Avonichthys, Baoqingichthys, Beagiascus, Bishofia, Bluefieldius, Bobastraniiformes, Burguklia, Cenechoia paramillensis, Cenechoia sulcata, Charleuxiidae, Chichiidae, Chirothrix, Cladistia, Cuneognathus, Diplospondichthys, Discordichthyidae, Echidnocephalus, Engraulis, Eurekichthyoidei, Eurynotiformes, Eurynotus uspallatensis, Eurypoma, Exocoetoides, Fubarichthyiformes, Guaymayenia, Guildayichthyiformes, Guntherichthys, Gyrolepidoides cuyanus, Gyrolepidotidae, Histiothrissa, Holuropsis, Kalops, Kansasiella, Kenderlichthyidae, Kutaichthys, Lepidotus pectoralis, Lepidotus trotti, Lineagruan, Mallotus, Meemannia, Meisenheimichthys, Ministrella, Moythomasiidae, Neochallaia leonensis, Neuburgichthys, Nozamichthys, Ophiopsis lariensis, Opistopteryx, Oxypteriscus, Pachylebias, Palaeobergia, Palaeonisci, Palaeonisciformes, Palaeoniscimorpha, Palaeoniscoidae, Palaeoniscoidea, Paleonisciformes, Paramblypteriformes, Phanerosteonoidei, Phoebeannaia, Pholidophorus dentatus, Pholidophorus lepturus, Pholidophorus rueppelli, Pholidophorus vallejensis, Piratata, Polypteri, Protaulopsis, Protospondyli, Pseudoberyx, Rhynchorhinus, Roslerichthys, Salmo, Schizospondylus, Semionotus brevis, Semionotus dubius, Semionotus inornatus, Semionotus mendozaensis, Semionotus unicristatus, Semionotus vallejensis, Spinofacia, Stegotrachelus, Tanyrhinichthys, Tarrasiiformes, Terenolepis, Tetragonopterus, Thryptodus, Trachichthyiformes, Uranichthys, Yaomoshania
Subtaxa: Notopteroidei Oligopleuridae Pholidophoroidei Proballostomus Salmonoidea Sauropsidae Scyphophori Stomiatioidei
Ecology: