Parent taxon: Rosids according to The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
See also Jud 2011
Sister taxa: Eurosids, Moraceae
Subtaxa: Vitaceae
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Australia (20 collections), the Bahamas (1), France (1), India (1), United States (3: Florida, Michigan, Virginia)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Italy (3)
• Pliocene of Germany (7), Portugal (2), Slovakia (1)
• Hemphillian of United States (1: Indiana)
• Miocene to Oligocene of Peru (1)
• Miocene to Pliocene of France (1), Germany (1), Japan (2)
• Miocene of China (1), Denmark (2), Germany (67), Japan (5), Poland (2), Portugal (1), the Russian Federation (8), Saudi Arabia (1), United States (4: Idaho, Nebraska, Vermont, Virginia)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Australia (3), Germany (1)
• Oligocene of the Czech Republic (1), Germany (17), Peru (2), the Russian Federation (11), the United Kingdom (1), United States (3: Montana, Oregon, South Carolina)
• Eocene to Miocene of Argentina (1)
• Eocene of Canada (1: British Columbia), China (2), Germany (2), the United Kingdom (13), United States (18: Alaska, California, Colorado, North Dakota, Oregon, Texas, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming)
• Clarkforkian of United States (36: North Dakota, Wyoming)
• Paleocene to Eocene of Belgium (1)
• Tertiary of Japan (2)
• Paleocene of Argentina (3), Canada (1: Alberta), China (2), France (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (107: Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming)
• Cretaceous of Argentina (1), Canada (5: Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan), the Russian Federation (5), United States (51: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming)
Total: 428 collections including 633 occurrences