Actinopteri - Ophidiiformes - Carapidae
Parent taxon: Ophidiiformes according to J. S. Nelson et al. 2016
See also Frizzell and Dante 1965 and Schwarzhans and Bratischko 2011
Sister taxa: Benthocometes, Brotula, Bythitoidei, Dannevigia, Ophididae, Ophidiidae, Ophidioidei, Parabrotulidae, Rhodichthyidae
Subtaxa: Carapinae Carapus Echiodon Encheliophis Eurypleuron Fierasferoides Jordanicus Onuxodon
Ecology: nektobenthic carnivore-parasite
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Greece (4 collections), Italy (4), United States (1: Louisiana)
• Pliocene of Greece (2), Italy (2), Jamaica (1)
• Miocene of Australia (4), the Czech Republic (3), France (4), Germany (1), Greece (1), Italy (3), New Zealand (32)
• Waitakian of New Zealand (11)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Greece (1), New Zealand (1)
• Oligocene of Australia (3), France (1), Germany (1), Hungary (2), New Zealand (7)
• Eocene of France (4), Germany (1), Indonesia (1), United States (5: California, Louisiana, Texas)
• Paleocene of Ukraine (1)
Total: 101 collections including 137 occurrences