Zwartskraal farm (Permian of South Africa)

Also known as Zwartskraal vertebrates, Zwartkraal; Rhemhoogte, Remhoogte

Where: Western Cape, South Africa (33.2° S, 22.5° E: paleocoordinates 60.3° S, 37.8° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Eodicynodon Assemblage zone, Abrahamskraal Formation (Beaufort Group), Wordian (266.9 - 264.3 Ma)

• "Upper Ecca (Lower Middle Permian) [...] " (Barry, 1974).

•Note: Today these beds are assigned to the Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone, belonging to the deepest part of the Abrahamskraal Fm. of the Beaufort Group and are regarded to be Wordian in age (see comments on stratigraphy in PBDB collection 94649, vertebrate locality Modderdrift, and references cited therein).

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: delta plain; mudstone and sandstone

• Rubidge et al. (2000, S. Afr. J. Geol. 103(1)) interpret the basal Abrahamskraal Fm. as non-marine part of a second-order highstand systems tract.
• "The beds are involved in the Cape foldings and consist of green, bluish, olive and variegated mudstones and argillaceous sandstones and of a blue-green and yellow fine- to medium-grained hard and sometimes quartzitic spheroidally-weathering sandstones, but without any coarse or conglomeratic kinds." is a general description of the southern (="green") facies of the supposed Upper Ecca beds by Barry (1974).

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: concretion

Collected by R. Oosthuizen in 1964-1970

Collection methods: mechanical, acetic

• ROZ = "collection of Mr Roy Oosthuizen", today possibly reposited in the NMQR (National Museum Bloemfontein).

•"With the exception of specimen no. 3, which was sectioned using the Croft Parallel Grinding method, all specimens were acid prepared using weak formic acid to remove the matrix." (Barry, 1976).

Primary reference: T. H. Barry. 1974. A New Dicynodont Ancestor from the Upper Ecca (Lower Middle Permian) of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 64:117-136 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 94777: authorized by Johannes Mueller, entered by Torsten Liebrecht on 12.03.2010

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Osteichthyes
 Synapsida -
Therapsida indet. therapsid
specimen no. 6; postcranial skeleton
 Dicynodontia - Endothiodontidae
Endothiodontidae indet. Owen 1876 dicynodont
specimen no. 4; palate, quadrate and articular
 Dicynodontia - Dicynodontidae
Dicynodontidae indet. Owen 1859 dicynodont
specimens no. 3, 5 and 7; all are (partial) skulls
 Dicynodontia -
Eodicynodon oosthuizeni n. gen. n. sp.
Eodicynodon oosthuizeni n. gen. n. sp. Barry 1974 dicynodont
ROZ 1 (type), almost complete skull