Black Horse Quarry, Tetham Hill (Cretaceous of the United Kingdom)

Also known as Battle, Tetham Bone Bed

Where: England, United Kingdom (50.9° N, 0.5° E: paleocoordinates 41.8° N, 10.1° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Wadhurst Clay Formation (Wealden Group), Early/Lower Valanginian (140.2 - 136.4 Ma)

• "Wealden Formation" originally but term covered several groups in modern usage

•The Wadhurst Clay Formation of the Hastings Beds Subgroup has an ages of Lower Valanginian according to Radley (2006; vide Allen & Wimbledon 1991)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: lacustrine - small; nodular, gray claystone and lenticular, pebbly, calcareous sandstone

• Shallow, freshwater to slightly brackish lakes, including horsetail ‘reed’ bed and terrestrial fauna. Fossils throughout the Wadhurst Clay Formation include ostracods, conchostracans (‘clam-shrimps’), pond-snails and the low-salinity bivalve Neomiodon. Widespread siltstone and fine sandstone gutter- and scour-fills indicate storm activity and/or fluvial runoff into the Wadhurst lakes (Radley 2006)
• "Grey clay with nodules; the ‘‘bone bed’’ (0"–4") in its lower part...The ‘bone bed’ (Telham Bone Bed) lies on an erosion surface and comprises lenticular calcite-cemented pebbly sandstone with abundant vertebrate coprolites, broken bones and teeth with little evidence of weatherin.g"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: quarrying,

Primary reference: R. Owen. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles, part II. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 11:60-204 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 91990: authorized by Matthew Carrano, entered by Matthew Carrano on 26.10.2009, edited by Roger Benson and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Reptilia
 Squamata - Mosasauridae
Leiodon sp.1
Leiodon sp.1 Owen 1842 mosasaur
 Testudinata -
Testudinata indet.3
Testudinata indet.3 Oppel 1811 turtle
 Plesiosauria - Leptocleididae
"Cimoliasaurus valdensis" = Hastanectes valdensis2
"Cimoliasaurus valdensis" = Hastanectes valdensis2 Lydekker 1889 plesiosaur
 Loricata - Goniopholididae
Goniopholis sp.1
Goniopholis sp.1 Owen 1842 crocodilian
 Loricata - Teleosauridae
Teleosaurus sp.1
Teleosaurus sp.1 Geoffroy 1825 marine crocodile
 Ornithischia -
Iguanodon sp.1
Iguanodon sp.1 Mantell 1825 ornithopod
 Ornithischia - Iguanodontidae
Cetiosaurus brachyurus n. sp.
Cetiosaurus brachyurus n. sp. Owen 1842 iguanodontid
Mantell Coll. 109/2109, 161/2161
 Theropoda - Megalosauridae
Megalosaurus sp.1
Megalosaurus sp.1 Parkinson 1822 tetanuran theropod
 Pterosauria -
Pterodactylus sp.1
Pterodactylus sp.1 Cuvier 1809 pterosaur
Actinopteri
 Pycnodontiformes - Pycnodontidae
Pycnodus sp.1
Pycnodus sp.1 Agassiz 1833
Chondrichthyes
 Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Hybodus sp.1
Hybodus sp.1 Agassiz 1834 elasmobranch
1Etheridge 1885; 2Ketchum 2011; 3Mannion 2017