Mokapu Point, Oahu (Pleistocene to of the United States)

Also known as Reef 3971

Where: Hawaii (21.5° N, 157.7° W: paleocoordinates 21.4° N, 157.7° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Waimanalo Formation, Middle Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene (0.8 - 0.0 Ma)

• age of 134-119 ka at Alala Point (S of Mokapu) and 121-113 ka at Kahuku Point (N of Mokapu)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: reef, buildup or bioherm; limestone

• reef and near-reef deposits
• limestones and conglomerates

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: D. R. Muhs, K. R. Simmons, and B. Steinke. 2002. Timing and warmth of the Last Interglacial period: new U-series evidence from Hawaii and Bermuda and a new fossil compilation for North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 21:1355-1383 [W. Kiessling/U. Merkel]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 89294: authorized by Wolfgang Kiessling, entered by Uta Merkel on 14.05.2009

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Anthozoa
 Scleractinia - Poritidae
Porites sp. Link 1807 stony coral
Gastropoda
 Trochoidea - Turbinidae
"Marmorostoma intercostalium" = Turbo (Marmarostoma) intercostalis2
"Marmorostoma intercostalium" = Turbo (Marmarostoma) intercostalis2 Menke 1829 snail
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
Trochus sandwichensis2 Souleyet 1852 top snail
 Lepetellida - Fissurellidae
Diodora granifera2 Pease 1861 snail
 Ptenoglossa - Thaididae
 Vanikoroidea - Vanikoridae
 Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
"Crepidula gravispinosa" = Crepidula (Bostrycapulus) gravispinosus2
"Crepidula gravispinosa" = Crepidula (Bostrycapulus) gravispinosus2 Kuroda and Habe 1950 slipper shell
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
Liocerithium thaanumi2, Clypeomorus obeliscus2, "Semivertagus atromarginatum" = Clava (Semivertagus)2, "Semivertagus nesioticus" = Clava (Semivertagus)2, "Ochetoclava articulata" = Rhinoclavis (Ochetoclava)2
Liocerithium thaanumi2 cerith snail
Clypeomorus obeliscus2 cerith snail
"Semivertagus atromarginatum" = Clava (Semivertagus)2 cerith snail
"Semivertagus nesioticus" = Clava (Semivertagus)2 cerith snail
"Ochetoclava articulata" = Rhinoclavis (Ochetoclava)2 cerith snail
listed as Ochetoclavis articulata
 Cerithioidea - Modulidae
"Aplodon tectus" = Modulus tectum2
"Aplodon tectus" = Modulus tectum2 Gmelin 1791 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Plesiotrochidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
"Strombus maculatus" = Strombus (Canarium) maculatus2, "Strombus mutabilis" = Canarium mutabile2, "Lambis chiragra" = Harpago chiragra2
"Strombus maculatus" = Strombus (Canarium) maculatus2 Jay 1839 true conch
"Strombus mutabilis" = Canarium mutabile2 Swainson 1821 true conch
subsp. ostergaardi
"Lambis chiragra" = Harpago chiragra2 Linnaeus 1758 conch
 Neogastropoda - Mitridae
Mitra ambigua2 mitre shell
Mitra astricta2 mitre shell
Mitra brunnea2 mitre shell
Mitra crassa2 mitre shell
Mitra limbifera2 mitre shell
Mitra lutea2 mitre shell
Mitra pellisserpentis2 mitre shell
Mitra stictica2 mitre shell
Mitra tabanula2 mitre shell
Mitra litterata2 Lamarck 1811 mitre shell
 Neogastropoda - Olividae
Oliva sandwicensis2 olive snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Pisania ignea2 true whelk
Pisania marmorata2 true whelk
Nassa francolinus2 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
Nassarius pictus2, "Zeuxis hirtus" = Nassarius (Zeuxis)2
"Zeuxis hirtus" = Nassarius (Zeuxis)2 snail
 Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus abbreviatus2 cone shell
Conus geographus2 cone shell
Conus nanus2 cone shell
Conus obscura2 cone shell
Conus plicarius2 cone shell
Conus praelatus2 cone shell
Conus sponsalis2 cone shell
Conus kahiko n. sp.1 cone shell
Conus tulipa2 Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
Conus imperialis2 Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
Conus flavidus2 Lamarck 1810 cone shell
Conus striatus2 Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
"Conus auratus" = Conus aulicus2 Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
Conus catus2 Hwass in Bruguiére 1792 cone shell
"Conus vitulinus" = Conus planorbis2 Born 1778 cone shell
Conus rattus2 Hwass in Bruguiére 1792 cone shell
Conus chaldaeus2 Röding 1798 cone shell
Conus ebraeus2 Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
Conus lividus2 Bruguière 1792 cone shell
Conus nussatella2 Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Raphitomidae
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Hastula confusa2 auger snail
Hastula verreauxi2 auger snail
Terebra cerithina2 auger snail
subsp. spaldingi
Terebra chlorata2 auger snail
Terebra crenulata2 auger snail
Terebra felina2 auger snail
Terebra flavescens2 auger snail
Terebra peasei2 auger snail
Terebra affinis2 Gray 1834 auger snail
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
 Neogastropoda - Costellariidae
"Pusia aureolata" = Vexillum (Pusia)2, "Pusia consanguinea" = Vexillum (Pusia)2, "Pusia nodosa" = Vexillum (Pusia)2, "Pusia semifasciata" = Vexillum (Pusia)2
"Pusia aureolata" = Vexillum (Pusia)2 ribbed mitre
"Pusia consanguinea" = Vexillum (Pusia)2 ribbed mitre
"Pusia nodosa" = Vexillum (Pusia)2 ribbed mitre
"Pusia semifasciata" = Vexillum (Pusia)2 ribbed mitre
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
 Neogastropoda - Harpidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Tonnidae
Tonna perdix2 tun shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Ranellidae
"Cymatium pileare" = Monoplex pilearis2
"Cymatium pileare" = Monoplex pilearis2 Linnaeus 1758 triton shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Bursidae
Bursa bufonia2 Gmelin 1791 frog shell
Bursa corrugata2 Perry 1811 frog shell
Tutufa bubo2 frog shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
"Cypraea cicercula" = Pustularia cicercula2, "Cypraea leviathan" = Lyncina leviathan2, "Cypraea carneola" = Lyncina carneola2, Cypraea schilderorum2, "Cypraea isabella" = Luria isabella2, "Cypraea tessellata" = Luria tessellata2, "Cypraea fimbriata" = Cypraea (Purpuradusta) fimbriata2, "Cypraea teres" = Talostolida teres2, "Cypraea gaskoini" = Cribrarula gaskoini2, "Cypraea erosa" = Naria erosa2, "Cypraea caputserpentis" = Cypraea (Erosaria) caputserpentis2, "Cypraea helvola" = Cypraea (Erosaria) helvola2, "Cypraea granulata" = Nucleolaria granulata2, "Cypraea talpa" = Talparia talpa2, "Cypraea maculifera" = Mauritia maculifera2
"Cypraea cicercula" = Pustularia cicercula2 Linnaeus 1758 cowry
"Cypraea leviathan" = Lyncina leviathan2 Schilder and Schilder 1937 cowry
"Cypraea carneola" = Lyncina carneola2 Linnaeus 1758 purple-mouthed cowry
Cypraea schilderorum2 Iredale 1939 cowry
"Cypraea isabella" = Luria isabella2 Linnaeus 1758 Isabell cowry
"Cypraea tessellata" = Luria tessellata2 Swainson 1822 cowry
"Cypraea fimbriata" = Cypraea (Purpuradusta) fimbriata2 Gmelin 1791 cowry
"Cypraea teres" = Talostolida teres2 Gmelin 1791 cowry
"Cypraea gaskoini" = Cribrarula gaskoini2 Reeve 1846 cowry
"Cypraea erosa" = Naria erosa2 Linnaeus 1758 cowry
"Cypraea caputserpentis" = Cypraea (Erosaria) caputserpentis2 Linnaeus 1758 cowry
listed as C. captoserpentis
"Cypraea helvola" = Cypraea (Erosaria) helvola2 Linnaeus 1758 cowry
"Cypraea granulata" = Nucleolaria granulata2 Pease 1862 cowry
"Cypraea talpa" = Talparia talpa2 Linnaeus 1758 cowry
"Cypraea maculifera" = Mauritia maculifera2 Schilder 1932 cowry
 Sorbeoconcha - Eratoidae
"Trivia insecta" = Trivirostra hordacea2, "Trivia pellucidula" = Trivirostra pellucidula2, "Erato sandwicensis" = Proterato (Sulcerato) sandwichensis2
"Trivia insecta" = Trivirostra hordacea2 Kiener 1843 snail
"Trivia pellucidula" = Trivirostra pellucidula2 Gaskoin 1846 snail
"Erato sandwicensis" = Proterato (Sulcerato) sandwichensis2 Sowerby 1859 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Littorinidae
Littoraria pintado2 periwinkle
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
Polinices opaca2 moon snail
Natica lurida2 moon snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Rissoidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae
Dendropoma maximus2 worm shell
Vermetus sp.2 Daudin 1800 worm shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cerithiopsidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Triphoridae
"Mastonia cingulifera" = Triphora (Mastonia)2
"Mastonia cingulifera" = Triphora (Mastonia)2 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Hipponicidae
Antisabia foliacea2 Quoy and Gaimard 1834 hoof shell
"Pilosabia pilosa" = Hipponix (Pilosabia)2 hoof shell
Cheilea dillwyni2 hoof shell
Cheilea cicatricosa2 hoof shell
 Heterostropha - Architectonicidae
 Opisthobranchia - Bullidae
 Opisthobranchia - Haminoeidae
 Opisthobranchia - Scaphandridae
 Patellida - Nacellidae
Cellana exarata2 Nuttall 1839 limpet
 Neritoidea - Neritidae
Bivalvia
 Arcida - Arcidae
"Arca ventricosa" = Lamarcka ventricosa2 Lamarck 1819 clam
Acar plicata2 Dillwyn 1817 miniature ark
[entered as Acar plicatum]
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Chlamys cookei2 Kellum 1926 scallop
Spondylus mimus2 Olsson 1931 scallop
 Ostreida - Malleidae
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
Ostrea retusa2 Sowerby 1871 oyster
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
"Septifer vaughani" = Septifer (Septifer) excisus2 Weigmann 1837 mussel
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
Ctena bella2 Conrad 1837 clam
 Cardiida - Trapezidae
"Trapezium californicus" = Trapezium oblongum2
"Trapezium californicus" = Trapezium oblongum2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Cardiida - Chamidae
"Chama iostoma" = Chama limbula2
"Chama iostoma" = Chama limbula2 Lamarck 1819 jewel box
 Cardiida - Veneridae
Periglypta reticulata2 Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
Scutarcopagia scobinata2 Linnaeus 1758 tellin clam
 Cardiida - Semelidae
 Cardiida - Gastrochaenidae
"Rocellaria hawaiensis" = Gastrochaena (Rocellaria)2
"Rocellaria hawaiensis" = Gastrochaena (Rocellaria)2 clam