Kirkwood Cliffs, Sundays River (Jurassic to of South Africa)

Also known as Site 6, Strathsomers Estate, Kirkwood Bridge

Where: Eastern Cape, South Africa (33.4° S, 25.5° E: paleocoordinates 44.2° S, 12.0° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Kirkwood Formation (Uitenhage Group), Tithonian to Tithonian (152.1 - 132.9 Ma)

• Kirkwood Fm. underlies the Sundays River Fm. which has been dated to Valanginian–Hauterivian based on biostratigraphic data (∼139–131 Ma; McLachlan and McMillan, 1976, Ross et al., 1999, Gomez et al., 2002, McMillan, 2003, Shone, 2006, Walker et al., 2012). Muir et al. 2017 state "Microfossil assemblages from the Bethelsdorp and Colchester Members in the lower part of the Kirkwood Formation of the Algoa Basin are dated as Tithonian (McMillan et al., 1997; McMillan, 2010), whereas the uppermost parts are inferred to be Lower Cretaceous in age based on a probable temporal equivalence with the lower part of the Valanginian – Hauterivian Sundays River Formation (McLachlan and McMillan, 1976; Shone, 1978; McMillan, 2003)."

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial; medium-grained, yellow sandstone and lenticular, conglomeratic sandstone

• "from a conglomeratic lens at the base of a thick, yellow, medium-grained sandstone found along the bottom of the cliffs"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collected by E. K. Macintosh; Rich et al.; Forster, De Klerk, & Ross in pre-1976, 1978, 1995

Collection methods: surface (float), surface (in situ), mechanical,

Primary reference: I. R. McLachlan and I. K. McMillan. 1976. Review and stratigraphic significance of southern Cape Mesozoic palaeontology. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 79(2):197-212 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 88876: authorized by Matthew Carrano, entered by Matthew Carrano on 23.04.2009, edited by Roger Benson and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Reptilia
 Squamata -
Squamata indet.4 squamates
AM 6001, braincase
 Testudines -
Testudines indet.3 Batsch 1788 turtle
SAM K5240, 5241, 5261
 Loricata -
"Crocodilia indet." = Crocodylia3
"Crocodilia indet." = Crocodylia3 Owen 1842 crocodilian
SAM K5244, K5252, K5255a, K5232, K5242, K5244
 Ornithischia -
? Ornithischia indet.3 ornithischian
SAM K5250
 Theropoda -
Theropoda indet.3 theropod
SAM K5243, K6140
Allosauroidea indet.1 Currie and Zhao 1994 allosauroid
AM 6041
 Saurischia -
Sauropoda indet.3 sauropod
femur in Port Elizabeth Museum
Macronaria indet.2 Sereno 1997 sauropod
SAM K5231
Titanosauriformes indet.2 Salgado et al. 1997 sauropod
SAM K6141
Titanosauriformes indet.2 Salgado et al. 1997 sauropod
SAM K6137
 Eosuchia - Sphenodontidae
? Sphenodontidae indet.3 Cope 1871 lepidosaur
SAM K5233
 Lepidosauria -
Sphenodontia indet.4 lepidosaur
AM 6002 (right palatine), 6003, 6023, 6024 (dentaries)
Actinopteri
 Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteidae indet.3 Cuvier 1825 gar
SAM K6135, K6139
 Teleostei -
Teleostei indet.3
SAM K5228