Walton-on-the-Naze, Suffolk [Red Crag] (Pliocene of the United Kingdom)

Where: England, United Kingdom (51.9° N, 1.3° E: paleocoordinates 51.9° N, 1.0° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Red Crag Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Red Crag, which is regionally overlies the Coralline Crag. AGE: Late Pliocene, according to Rayner, 1981 on the basis of foraminiferal and palynological biostratigraphy. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From unknown position within formation.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Not stated in text, but siliciclastic based on observation of specimens. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, based on observation and figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original aragonite, original calcite

Collection methods: COLLECTOR: Not stated, but probably Stearns Wood, c. 1840's-1870's. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text.

Primary reference: S. V. Wood. 1879. Monograph of the Crag Mollusca with descriptions of shells from the upper tertiaries of the east of England 4:1-58 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 84764: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 10.11.2008

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for mollusca. Other volumes when entered will include bryozoa, brachiopoda, and anthozoa. NOMENCLATURE: Authoritative publication, but with antiquated nomenclature, which is revised where possible through more recent sources.
Scaphopoda
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Dentalium dentalis3 tusk shell
Dentalium rectum3 tusk shell
Gastropoda
 Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae
Eulima polita1 Linnaeus 1767 snail
Eulima subulata3 Montagu 1808 snail
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
Cerithium granosum1 Wood 1842 cerith snail
Cerithium variculosum Nyst 1844 cerith snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
Turritella planispira3 Wood 1842 turret shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
"Natica catena" = Euspira catena3, Natica varians3, "Natica clausa" = Cryptonatica affinis3
"Natica catena" = Euspira catena3 da Costa 1778 moon snail
Natica varians3 Tate 1893 moon snail
"Natica clausa" = Cryptonatica affinis3 Gmelin 1791 moon snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Littorinidae
"Lacuna (Medoria) terebellata" = Eula terebellata3
"Lacuna (Medoria) terebellata" = Eula terebellata3 Nyst 1835 periwinkle
 Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae
"Vermetus intortus" = Petaloconchus intortus3
"Vermetus intortus" = Petaloconchus intortus3 Lamarck 1818 worm shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Ovulidae
"Ovula leathesii" = Neosimnia leathesi1
"Ovula leathesii" = Neosimnia leathesi1 Sowerby 1825 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Triviidae
"Erato laevis" = Erato voluta3, "Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana1
"Erato laevis" = Erato voluta3 Montagu 1803 snail
"Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana1 Sowerby 1823 snail
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
Cancellaria coronata1 Scacchi 1844 snail
 Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
"Trophon costiferum" = Buccinofusus costiferum1
"Trophon costiferum" = Buccinofusus costiferum1 Wood 1848 snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
"Buccinum dalei" = Liomesus dalei1, Buccinum undatum1
"Buccinum dalei" = Liomesus dalei1 Sowerby 1825 true whelk
Buccinum undatum1 Linnaeus 1758 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
"Nassa labiosa" = Amyclina labiosa3, "Nassa reticosa" = Nassarius (Uzita) reticosus1, "Nassa elegans" = Nassarius (Tritonella) elegans1, "Nassa propinqua" = Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus1, "Nassa conglobata" = Demoulia conglobata1
"Nassa labiosa" = Amyclina labiosa3 Sowerby 1824 snail
"Nassa reticosa" = Nassarius (Uzita) reticosus1 Sowerby 1815 snail
"Nassa elegans" = Nassarius (Tritonella) elegans1 Sowerby 1824 snail
"Nassa propinqua" = Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus1 Sowerby 1824 snail
"Nassa conglobata" = Demoulia conglobata1 Brocchi 1814 snail
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
Columbella sulcata1 Sowerby 1823 snail
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Trophon consocialis3, "Trophon muricatum" = Trophon muricatus1, Murex torturosus1, "Purpura tetragona" = Spinucella tetragona1
Trophon consocialis3 murex snail
"Trophon muricatum" = Trophon muricatus1 Montagu 1803 murex snail
Murex torturosus1 Sowerby 1823 murex snail
"Purpura tetragona" = Spinucella tetragona1 Sowerby 1825 murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae
Clavatula laevigata1 Philippi 1836 snail
Clavatula costata1 Da Costa 1778 snail
Clavatula cancellata1 Sowerby 1827 snail
Clavatula boothii1 Smith 1838 snail
Clavatula mitrula1 Sowerby 1822 snail
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
"Clavatula turricula" = Propebela turricula1
"Clavatula turricula" = Propebela turricula1 Montagu 1803 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae
"Pleurotoma nebula" = Mangelia nebula3
"Pleurotoma nebula" = Mangelia nebula3 Montagu 1803 snail
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
"Pleurotoma linearis" = Turris3, "Pleurotoma turrifera" = Turris3, "Pleurotoma ? rufa" = Turris3
"Pleurotoma linearis" = Turris3 turrid
"Pleurotoma turrifera" = Turris3 turrid
"Pleurotoma ? rufa" = Turris3 turrid
 Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
"Chemnitzia communis" = Chrysallida communis3, Odostomia acuta3
"Chemnitzia communis" = Chrysallida communis3 Adams 1852 snail
 Heterostropha - Acteonidae
"Actaeon subulatus" = Acteon subulatus3, "Actaeon tornatilis" = Acteon3
"Actaeon subulatus" = Acteon subulatus3 Wood 1842 snail
"Actaeon tornatilis" = Acteon3 snail
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
"Trochus zizyphinus" = Calliostoma zizyphinum3 Linnaeus 1758 top snail
"Trochus kicksii" = Calliostoma (Calliostoma) kickxii3 Nyst 1835 top snail
"Trochus adansoni" = Colliculus adansoni3 Payraudeau 1827 top snail
Trochus formosus3 top snail
Trochus tumidus3 top snail
Trochus montacuti3 top snail
 Lepetellida - Fissurellidae
Emarginula crassa3 Sowerby 1813 snail
 Patellida - Acmaeidae
Bivalvia
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
"Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus3, "Nucula cobboldae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae3, "Nucula ? tenuis" = Ennucula tenuis3, "Nucula laevigata" = Leionucula laevigata2
"Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus3 Linnaeus 1758 nut clam
"Nucula cobboldae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae3 Linnaeus 1767 divaricate nutclam
"Nucula ? tenuis" = Ennucula tenuis3 Montagu 1808 nut clam
"Nucula laevigata" = Leionucula laevigata2 Sowerby 1818 nut clam
 Pandorida - Pandoridae
 Thraciida - Periplomatidae
 Hiatellida - Hiatellidae
"Saxicava rugosa" = Hiatella2
"Saxicava rugosa" = Hiatella2 clam
 Solenida - Pharidae
"Solen gladiolus" = Ensis macha2
"Solen gladiolus" = Ensis macha2 Molina 1782 clam
 Solenida - Solenidae
Solen ensis2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Pholadida - Pholadidae
"Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica2, "Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata2
"Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica2 Sowerby 1818 clam
"Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
"Corbula striata" = Caryocorbula striata2 Lamarck 1801 clam
 Pholadida - Myidae
"Mya arenaria" = Mya (Arenomya) arenaria3
"Mya arenaria" = Mya (Arenomya) arenaria3 Linnaeus 1758 softshell clam
 Cardiida - Galeommatidae
"Kellia ambigua" = Laseina ambigua2
"Kellia ambigua" = Laseina ambigua2 Nyst and Westendorp 1839 clam
 Cardiida - Lasaeidae
Kellia suborbicularis2, "Montacuta bidentata" = Diarmaidia bidentata2
Kellia suborbicularis2 Montague 1803 clam
"Montacuta bidentata" = Diarmaidia bidentata2 Montague 1803 clam
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Cytherea rudis" = Pitar (Pitar) rudis2, "Venerupis irus" = Irus irus2, Tapes virginea2, Tapes texturata2, "Venus fasciata" = Clausinella fasciata2, "Venus imbricata" = Timoclea imbricata2, Artemis lincta2, Artemis lentiformis2, "Circe minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima3
"Cytherea rudis" = Pitar (Pitar) rudis2 Poli 1795 venus clam
"Venerupis irus" = Irus irus2 Linnaeus 1767 venus clam
Tapes virginea2 Linnaeus 1767 venus clam
Tapes texturata2 Lamarck 1818 venus clam
"Venus fasciata" = Clausinella fasciata2 da Costa 1778 venus clam
"Venus imbricata" = Timoclea imbricata2 Sowerby 1826 venus clam
Artemis lincta2 Pulteney 1799 venus clam
Artemis lentiformis2 Sowerby 1818 venus clam
"Circe minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima3 Montagu 1803 venus clam
 Cardiida - Mesodesmatidae
"Mactra deaurata" = Mesodesma deauratum2
"Mactra deaurata" = Mesodesma deauratum2 Turton 1822 clam
 Cardiida - Mactridae
"Mactra arcuata" = Spisula arcuata2, Mactra truncata2, "Mactra glauca" = Mactra (Mactra) glauca3, Mactra solida2
"Mactra arcuata" = Spisula arcuata2 Sowerby 1817 clam
Mactra truncata2 Montague 1808 clam
"Mactra glauca" = Mactra (Mactra) glauca3 Born 1778 clam
Mactra solida2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
"Tellina obliqua" = Macoma (Macoma) obliqua3, "Tellina praetenuis" = Macoma (Macoma) praetenuis2, Gastrana laminosa2, "Tellina crassa" = Arcopagia (Arcopagia) crassa2
"Tellina obliqua" = Macoma (Macoma) obliqua3 Sowerby 1817 tellin clam
"Tellina praetenuis" = Macoma (Macoma) praetenuis2 Leathes in Woodward 1830 tellin clam
Gastrana laminosa2 Sowerby 1827 tellin clam
"Tellina crassa" = Arcopagia (Arcopagia) crassa2 Pennant 1777 tellin clam
 Cardiida - Semelidae
Abra alba2, Abra fabalis n. sp.2, "Abra prismatica" = Abra (Abra) prismatica3
Abra alba2 Wood 1802 abra
Abra fabalis n. sp.2 Wood 1850 abra
"Abra prismatica" = Abra (Abra) prismatica3 Montagu 1808 abra
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
Cardium venustum2 Wood 1840 cockle
Cardium strigilliferum3 Wood 1840 cockle
"Cardium parkinsoni" = Laevicardium (Dinocardium) parkinsoni2 Sowerby 1814 cockle
 Carditida - Carditidae
Cardita scalaris2 Sowerby 1825 clam
Cardita senilis3 Lamarck 1805 clam
Cardita corbis2 Philippi 1836 clam
 Carditida - Astartidae
Astarte compressa2 Montague 1808 clam
Astarte crebrilirata2 Wood 1850 clam
Astarte triangularis2 Montague 1803 clam
Astarte digitaria2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
"Astarte galeotti" = Astarte (Astarte) galeotti3 Nyst 1835 clam
"Astarte basterotii" = Isocrassina basteroti2 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
"Astarte obliquata" = Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata2 Sowerby 1817 clam
"Astarte forbesi" = Digitaria forbesi3 Wood 1874 clam
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
Mytilus edulis3 Linnaeus 1758 mussel
Modiola costulata2 Risso 1826 mussel
Modiola barbata2 Linnaeus 1758 mussel
Modiola marmorata2 Forbes 1838 mussel
"Modiola ? phaseolina" = Modiolula phaseolina3 Philippi 1844 mussel
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Pecten tigrinus" = Palliolum tigrinum2, "Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio2, "Pecten dubius" = Aequipecten opercularis2
"Pecten tigrinus" = Palliolum tigrinum2 Müller 1776 scallop
"Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Pecten dubius" = Aequipecten opercularis2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
 Pectinida - Limidae
"Lima loscombii" = Limaria (Limatulella) loscombii2 Sowerby 1824 file clam
Lima exilis2 Wood 1839 file clam
 Pectinida - Anomiidae
"Anomia patelliformis" = Pododesmus patelliformis2
"Anomia patelliformis" = Pododesmus patelliformis2 Linnaeus 1773 scallop
 Arcida - Arcidae
Arca lactea2 Linnaeus 1767 ark
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
"Pectunculus glycymeris" = Glycymeris glycymeris2
"Pectunculus glycymeris" = Glycymeris glycymeris2 Linnaeus 1758 clam