Sutton, Suffolk [Coralline Crag] (Pliocene of the United Kingdom)

Where: England, United Kingdom (52.8° N, 1.5° E: paleocoordinates 52.8° N, 1.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Coralline Crag Formation, Zanclean (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Coralline Crag, which is regionally overlain by the Red Crag. AGE: It has been correlated with, but probably predates at 4.4 to 3.8 Ma, the Luchtbal Sand Member of the Lillo Formation in the Antwerp area on the basis of molluscs (Cambridge, 1977), foraminifera (Jenkins and Houghton, 1987) and dinoflagellate cysts (Louwye et al., 2004; De Schepper et al., 2009), placing it in the latter part of the early Pliocene (Zanclean 2) of the southern North Sea. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From unknown position within formation.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Not stated in text, but siliciclastic based on observation of specimens. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, based on observation and figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original aragonite, original calcite

Collection methods: COLLECTOR: Not stated, but probably Stearns Wood, c. 1840's-1870's. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text.

Primary reference: S. V. Wood. 1879. Monograph of the Crag Mollusca with descriptions of shells from the upper tertiaries of the east of England 4:1-58 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 84755: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 10.11.2008, edited by Pete Wagner

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for mollusca. Other volumes when entered will include bryozoa, brachiopoda, and anthozoa. NOMENCLATURE: Authoritative publication, but with antiquated nomenclature, which is revised where possible through more recent sources.
Gastropoda
 Heterostropha - Murchisonellidae
"Chemnitzia nitidissima" = Anisocycla nitidissima2
"Chemnitzia nitidissima" = Anisocycla nitidissima2 Montagu 1803 snail
 Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
Odostomia plicata2 Montagu 1803 snail
Odostomia pupa2 Dubois 1831 snail
Odostomia pellucida2 Adams 1795 snail
Odostomia simillima2 Montagu 1803 snail
Menestho suttonensis4 Wood 1882 snail
"Chemnitzia filosa" = Turbonilla filosa2 Wood 1842 snail
"Chemnitzia senistriata" = Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) senistriata Wood 1877 snail
"Chemnitzia internodula" = Turbonilla (Pyrgolidium) internodula2 Wood 1848 snail
Nodostoma eulimelloides4 Wood 1882 snail
Nodostoma ornata4 Wood 1848 snail
Pyramidella laeviuscula2 Grateloup 1838 snail
Chemnitzia densecostata2 Philippi 1844 snail
Chemnitzia costaria2 Wood 1842 snail
Chemnitzia ? unica2 Montagu 1803 snail
Chemnitzia rufa2 Philippi 1836 snail
Chemnitzia curvicostata2 Wood 1842 snail
Chemnitzia varicula2 Wood 1842 snail
Chemnitzia elegantissima2 Montagu 1803 snail
"Chemnitzia similis" = Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) similis2 Adams 1852 snail
 Heterostropha - Ringiculidae
Ringicula buccinea2 Sowerby 1823 snail
Ringicula ventricosa2 Sowerby 1823 snail
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
"Scalaria clathratula" = Epitonium clathratulum2, "Scalaria obtusicostata" = Opalia (Nodiscala) obtusicostata2, "Scalaria cancellata" = Amaea cancellata2, Scalaria hamulifera2, Scalaria geniculata, "Turritella (Mesalia) penepolaris" = Acirsa penepolaris, "Scalaria fimbriosa" = Cirsotrema fimbriosa2, "Scalaria varicosa" = Cirsotrema varicosa2
"Scalaria clathratula" = Epitonium clathratulum2 Turton 1806 wentletrap
"Scalaria obtusicostata" = Opalia (Nodiscala) obtusicostata2 Wood 1842 wentletrap
"Scalaria cancellata" = Amaea cancellata2 Brocchi 1814 wentletrap
Scalaria hamulifera2 Wood 1847 wentletrap
Scalaria geniculata Brocchi 1814 wentletrap
"Turritella (Mesalia) penepolaris" = Acirsa penepolaris Wood 1872 wentletrap
"Scalaria fimbriosa" = Cirsotrema fimbriosa2 Wood 1842 wentletrap
"Scalaria varicosa" = Cirsotrema varicosa2 Lamarck 1822 wentletrap
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
Cerithium trilineatum2 Philippi 1836 cerith snail
Cerithium cribrarium2 Wood 1842 cerith snail
Cerithium granosum2 Wood 1842 cerith snail
 Cerithioidea - Litiopidae
Litiopa papillosa2 Wood 1842 snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
Turritella planispira2 Wood 1842 turret shell
"Turritella incrassata" = Turritella (Haustator) incrassata2 Sowerby 1814 turret shell
 Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae
"Eulima glabella" = Polygireulima glabella2 Wood 1842 snail
Eulima subulata2 Montagu 1808 snail
Eulima polita2 Linnaeus 1767 snail
 Vanikoroidea - Aclididae
"Alvania ascaris" = Aclis ascaris2
"Alvania ascaris" = Aclis ascaris2 Turton 1819 aclis
 Sorbeoconcha - Triphoridae
"Cerithium metaxa" = Metaxia metaxae2, "Cerithium adversum" = Marshallora adversa2
"Cerithium metaxa" = Metaxia metaxae2 Delle Chiaje 1826 snail
"Cerithium adversum" = Marshallora adversa2 Montagu 1803 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Cerithiopsidae
"Cerithium tuberculare" = Cerithiopsis tubercularis2
"Cerithium tuberculare" = Cerithiopsis tubercularis2 Montagu 1803 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Ovulidae
"Ovula leathesii" = Neosimnia leathesi2
"Ovula leathesii" = Neosimnia leathesi2 Sowerby 1825 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Triviidae
"Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana2, "Cypraea retusa" = Trivia retusa2, "Cypraea europaea" = Trivia (Trivia) europaea2, "Cypraea affinis" = Trivia (Sulcotrivia) excoccinella2, Erato britannica n. sp.1, "Erato maugeriae" = Archierato maugeriae2
"Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana2 Sowerby 1823 snail
"Cypraea retusa" = Trivia retusa2 Sowerby 1823 snail
"Cypraea europaea" = Trivia (Trivia) europaea2 Montfort 1808 snail
"Cypraea affinis" = Trivia (Sulcotrivia) excoccinella2 Sacco 1894 snail
Erato britannica n. sp.1 Schilder 1933 snail
"Erato maugeriae" = Archierato maugeriae2 Gray 1832 snail
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Murex torturosus2 Sowerby 1823 murex snail
Trophon paululum2 Wood 1841 murex snail
"Trophon muricatum" = Trophon muricatus2 Montagu 1803 murex snail
Trophon gracilius2 Wood 1842 murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
Fusus exactus, "Nassa granulata" = Nassarius granulatus2, "Nassa incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus2, "Nassa consociata" = Nassarius (Tritonella) consociatus2, "Nassa prismatica" = Nassarius prysmaticus
Fusus exactus Wood 1879 snail
"Nassa granulata" = Nassarius granulatus2 Sowerby 1815 snail
"Nassa incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus2 Müller 1773 snail
"Nassa consociata" = Nassarius (Tritonella) consociatus2 Wood 1848 snail
"Nassa prismatica" = Nassarius prysmaticus Brocchi 1814 snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Buccinum nudum Wood 1879 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
Pleurotoma gracilicostata Wood 1879 turrid
 Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae
Clavatula cancellata2 Sowerby 1827 snail
Clavatula brachystoma2 Philippi 1844 snail
Clavatula perpulchra2 Wood 1848 snail
Clavatula linearis2 Montagu 1803 snail
Clavatula laevigata2 Philippi 1836 snail
Clavatula concinnata2 Wood 1848 snail
Clavatula mitrula2 Sowerby 1822 snail
Clavatula costata2 Da Costa 1778 snail
Clavatula philberti2 Michaud 1844 snail
Clavatula castanea2 Brown 1827 snail
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
Cancellaria costellifera2 Sowerby 1818 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Capulidae
Trichotropis borealis2 Broderip and Sowerby 1829 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Vitrinellidae
Adeorbis naticoides Wood 1879 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Rissoidae
Rissoa costulata Alder 1844 snail
Rissoa parva da Costa 1778 snail
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
"Trochus ziziphinus" = Calliostoma zizyphinum
"Trochus ziziphinus" = Calliostoma zizyphinum Linnaeus 1758 top snail
Bivalvia
 Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
Leda semistriata3 Wood 1840 pointed nut clam
Leda pygmaea3 Münster 1835 pointed nut clam
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
"Nucula laevigata" = Leionucula laevigata3, "Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus3, "Nucula trigonula" = Nucula (Nucula) trigonula3
"Nucula laevigata" = Leionucula laevigata3 Sowerby 1818 nut clam
"Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus3 Linnaeus 1758 nut clam
"Nucula trigonula" = Nucula (Nucula) trigonula3 Wood 1840 nut clam
 Solemyida - Nucinellidae
Nucinella miliaris3 Deshayes 1829 Nut Clam
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
Modiola costulata3, Modiola rhombea3, Modiola marmorata3, "Modiola phaseolina" = Modiolula phaseolina3, "Modiola sericea" = Arcoperna serica3
Modiola costulata3 Risso 1826 mussel
Modiola rhombea3 Berkeley 1827 mussel
Modiola marmorata3 Forbes 1838 mussel
"Modiola phaseolina" = Modiolula phaseolina3 Philippi 1844 mussel
"Modiola sericea" = Arcoperna serica3 Bronn 1831 mussel
 Mytilida - Crenellidae
Hippagus verticordius3 Wood 1840 clam
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
Ostrea princeps3 Wood 1850 oyster
 Ostreida - Pinnidae
Pinna pectinata3 Linnaeus 1758 oyster
 Pectinida - Limidae
"Lima ovata" = Limatula ovata3 Wood 1839 file clam
"Lima loscombii" = Limaria (Limatulella) loscombii3 Sowerby 1824 file clam
Lima plicatula3 Wood 1839 file clam
Lima subauriculata3 Montagu 1808 file clam
 Pectinida - Anomiidae
"Anomia patelliformis" = Pododesmus patelliformis3 Linnaeus 1773 scallop
Anomia ephippium3 Linnaeus 1758 jingle
[entered as Anomia ephipium]
Anomia aculeata3 Müller 1776 jingle
Anomia striata Brocchi 1814 jingle
 Pectinida - Propeamussiidae
"Pecten similis" = Similipecten similis3
"Pecten similis" = Similipecten similis3 Laskey 1811 mud scallop
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio3, "Pecten maximus" = Pecten maxima3, "Pecten tigrinus" = Palliolum tigrinum3, "Pecten bruei" = Pseudamussium sulcatum3, "Pecten dubius" = Aequipecten opercularis3
"Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio3 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Pecten maximus" = Pecten maxima3 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Pecten tigrinus" = Palliolum tigrinum3 Müller 1776 scallop
"Pecten bruei" = Pseudamussium sulcatum3 Müller 1776 scallop
"Pecten dubius" = Aequipecten opercularis3 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
 Arcida - Limopsidae
Limopsis pygmaea3 Philippi 1836 clam
 Arcida - Cucullaeidae
"Arca tetragona" = Tetrarca tetragona
"Arca tetragona" = Tetrarca tetragona Poli 1795 clam
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
"Pectunculus pilosus" = Glycymeris pilosa
"Pectunculus pilosus" = Glycymeris pilosa Linnaeus 1767 clam
SUBSPECIES: Pectunculus pilosus insubricus
 Arcida - Arcidae
Arca lactea3 Linnaeus 1767 ark
"Arca pectunculoides" = Bathyarca (Bathyarca) pectunculoides3 Scacchi 1834 clam
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
Lucina crenulata3 Wood 1840 clam
Lucina decorata3 Wood 1850 clam
"Lucina borealis" = Lucinoma (Lucinoma) borealis3 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Poromyida - Cuspidariidae
Neaera cuspidata3 Olivi 1792 clam
 Poromyida - Poromyidae
 Pandorida - Pandoridae
Pandora inaequivalvis3 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Thraciida - Thraciidae
"Thracia pubescens" = Thracia (Thracia) pubescens3 Pulteney 1799 clam
 Thraciida - Periplomatidae
 Pholadida - Pholadidae
Pholadidea papyracea3, "Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata3, "Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica3
"Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata3 Linnaeus 1758 clam
"Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica3 Sowerby 1818 clam
 Pholadida - Teredinidae
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
"Corbula striata" = Caryocorbula striata3, Corbula binghami3
"Corbula striata" = Caryocorbula striata3 Lamarck 1801 clam
 Cardiida - Kelliidae
"Lepton deltoideum" = Bornia (Bornia) deltoidea3
"Lepton deltoideum" = Bornia (Bornia) deltoidea3 Wood 1840 clam
 Cardiida - Montacutidae
"Kellia coarctata" = Mioerycina (Phascoliophila) coarctata3 Wood 1840 clam
Montacuta truncata3 Wood 1840 clam
Montacuta donacina3 Wood 1840 clam
Montacuta substriata3 Montague 1808 clam
"Montacuta ferruginosa" = Tellimya ferruginosa3 Montague 1808 clam
 Cardiida - Erycinidae
"Lepton depressum" = Erycina (Erycina) depressa3
"Lepton depressum" = Erycina (Erycina) depressa3 Nyst 1836 clam
 Cardiida - Mactridae
Cryptodon ferruginosum3 Forbes 1843 clam
Cryptodon sinuosum3 Donovan 1801 clam
Lutraria lutraria3 Linnaeus 1767 clam
Mactra ovalis3 Sowerby 1817 clam
Mactra stultorum3 Linnaeus 1758 clam
"Mactra obtruncata" = Spisula obtruncata3 Wood 1850 clam
"Mactra arcuata" = Spisula arcuata3 Sowerby 1817 clam
 Cardiida - Glossidae
Isocardia cor3 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Circe minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima3, Lucinopsis lajonkairii3, Tapes virginea3, "Venus casina" = Dosina cassina3, "Venus ovata" = Timoclea ovata3, Artemis lincta3, "Cytherea rudis" = Pitar (Pitar) rudis3
"Circe minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima3 Montagu 1803 venus clam
Lucinopsis lajonkairii3 Payraudeau 1826 venus clam
Tapes virginea3 Linnaeus 1767 venus clam
"Venus casina" = Dosina cassina3 Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
"Venus ovata" = Timoclea ovata3 Pennant 1777 venus clam
Artemis lincta3 Pulteney 1799 venus clam
"Cytherea rudis" = Pitar (Pitar) rudis3 Poli 1795 venus clam
 Cardiida - Trapezidae
 Cardiida - Chamidae
Chama gryphoides3 Linnaeus 1758 jewel box
 Cardiida - Ungulinidae
Diplodonta dilatata3 Wood 1840 clam
Diplodonta astartea3 Nyst 1835 clam
"Diplodonta rotundata" = Diplodonta (Diplodonta) rotundata3 Montagu 1803 clam
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Cardium decorticatum" = Laevicardium (Laevicardium) decorticatum3 Wood 1840 cockle
Cardium nodosum3 Montague 1803 cockle
Cardium strigilliferum3 Wood 1840 cockle
 Cardiida - Donacidae
Donax politus3 Poli 1791 clam
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
Tellina donacilla3 Wood 1840 tellin clam
Tellina donacina3 Linnaeus 1767 tellin clam
Tellina balaustina3 Linnaeus 1767 tellin clam
"Tellina crassa" = Arcopagia (Arcopagia) crassa3 Pennant 1777 tellin clam
Gastrana laminosa3 Sowerby 1827 tellin clam
 Cardiida - Semelidae
Abra alba3, "Abra prismatica" = Abra (Abra) prismatica3
Abra alba3 Wood 1802 abra
"Abra prismatica" = Abra (Abra) prismatica3 Montagu 1808 abra
 Cardiida - Psammobiidae
Psammobia ferroensis3 Chemnitz 1782 clam
Psammobia tellinella3 Lamarck 1818 clam
 Cardiida - Solecurtidae
"Macha strigillata" = Solecurtus strigilatus3
"Macha strigillata" = Solecurtus strigilatus3 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Cardiida - Gastrochaenidae
"Gastrochaena dubia" = Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) dubia3
"Gastrochaena dubia" = Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) dubia3 Pennant 1777 clam
 Cardiida - Cyamiidae
Cyamium eximium3 Wood 1850 clam
 Cardiida - Leptonidae
Lepton squamosum3 Montague 1803 clam
 Cardiida - Lasaeidae
"Kellia rubra" = Lasaea adansoni3, Kellia suborbicularis3, Kellia cycladia3, Kellia pumila3, "Kellia orbicularis" = Aligena (Aligena) orbicularis3, "Montacuta bidentata" = Diarmaidia bidentata3, "Kellia elliptica" = Scacchia (Scacchia) elliptica3
"Kellia rubra" = Lasaea adansoni3 Gmelin 1791 clam
Kellia suborbicularis3 Montague 1803 clam
Kellia cycladia3 Wood 1840 clam
Kellia pumila3 Wood 1840 clam
"Kellia orbicularis" = Aligena (Aligena) orbicularis3 Wood 1840 aligena
"Montacuta bidentata" = Diarmaidia bidentata3 Montague 1803 clam
"Kellia elliptica" = Scacchia (Scacchia) elliptica3 Scacchi 1833 clam
 Cardiida - Galeommatidae
"Kellia ambigua" = Laseina ambigua3
"Kellia ambigua" = Laseina ambigua3 Nyst and Westendorp 1839 clam
 Hiatellida - Hiatellidae
"Saxicava rugosa" = Hiatella3, "? Saxicava ? carinata" = Hiatella3, Saxicava fragilis3, "Saxicava arctica" = Hiatella arctica3
"Saxicava rugosa" = Hiatella3 clam
"? Saxicava ? carinata" = Hiatella3 clam
Saxicava fragilis3 Holmes 1858 clam
"Saxicava arctica" = Hiatella arctica3 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Solenida - Pharidae
Cultellus tenuis3 Philippi 1836 clam
 Solenida - Solenidae
Solen ensis3 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
Cardita corbis3 Philippi 1836 clam
Cardita scalaris3 Sowerby 1825 clam
Cardita senilis3 Lamarck 1805 clam
Cardita chamaeformis3 Sowerby 1825 clam
Cardita orbicularis3 Sowerby 1825 clam
 Carditida - Condylocardiidae
Erycinella ovalis3 Conrad 1845 clam
 Carditida - Astartidae
Astarte pygmaea3 Golfuss 1837 clam
Astarte gracilis3 Golfuss 1837 clam
Astarte mutabilis3 Wood 1840 clam
Astarte incerta3 Wood 1850 clam
Astarte parva3 Wood 1840 clam
"Astarte burtinii" = Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata burtinea3 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
Astarte triangularis3 Montague 1803 clam
Astarte digitaria3 Linnaeus 1767 clam
Astarte excurrens3 Wood 1850 clam
"Astarte basterotii" = Isocrassina basteroti3 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
"Astarte omalii" = Isocrassina omalii3 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
Astarte incrassata3 Brocchi 1814 clam
Rhynchonellata
 Terebratulida - Terebratulidae
Terebratula trigona Quenstedt 1852