Kostanjek-1 Lithofacies B, Biofacies 2 (Panonnian) Zagreb Croatia (Miocene of Croatia)

Where: Croatia (44.9° N, 16.1° E: paleocoordinates 44.6° N, 15.8° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Miocene (11.6 - 5.3 Ma)

• 31m of section starting from 4m above base of section within 83m thick exposure within the Panonnian stage

•Layered clay-limestone and marls iwth sand layers overlie the transitional sediments (AB facies). The total thickness is 31 m. Six large cycles are observed in the succession.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; lithified, silty claystone and poorly lithified, graded, sandy marl

• Deposition of the limestone occurred during periods of low input of terrigenous particles in contrast to the silty marls deposited in suspension during periods of greater siliciclastic input from the continental hinterland. Biofacies described as "littoral lacustrine"
• Layered clay-limestone and marls with sand layers within six large cycles with fining upwards trends. Layered clay-limestone in the lower part of the cycle passes gradually upwards into silty marl with poorly visible lamination and sand layers of variable thickness. The cycles are 2-7m thick with a higher concentration of marl while the sand layers (lenses) are 0.5-5.0cm thick. The limestone layers have a higher concentration of carbonate (~95%) and marls have more siliciclastic component. The sands are loosely consolidated and poorly sorted with well-rounded grains up to 0.5mm (exceptionally up to 0.5cm) in diameter and in parts exhibit planar cross lamination. The light mineral fraction contains quartz (35%) feldspate (spelled wrong? feldspar?)(20%) rock fragments (40%) and calcite (5%). THe heavy fraction most frequently containslimoite and magnetite (15%) dolomite (15%) epidote (6%) and tourmaline (3%). The manganese content is constant (~300ppm) while the strontiun content noticably decreases upwards from 3320-710ppm.

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: bulk,

• collected using the method "directed dotted sample"

Primary reference: D. Vrsaljko. 1999. The Pannonian Palaeoecology and Biostratigraphy of Molluscs from Kostanjek- Medvednica Mt. Croatia. Geologia Croatica 52(1):9-27 [A. Miller/K. Bulinski/O. Alfaro]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 68221: authorized by Arnold Miller, entered by Kate Bulinski on 09.01.2007

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• fish, macroflora and foraminifera were mentioned in passing. Ostracods, bivalves and molluscs which were reported in lists.
Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Micromelania striata, Hungarocypris auriculata, Hungarocypris hierogliphica, Amplocypris abscisa, Amplocypris major, Cryptocandona nocens
Gastropoda
 Sorbeoconcha - Hydrobiidae
"Valvata (Valvata) cf. simplex" = Hauffenia simplex, Hydrobia (Baglivia) cf. ambiqua, Hydrobia (Hydrobia) frauenfeldi, Caspia (Caspia) cf. latior
"Valvata (Valvata) cf. simplex" = Hauffenia simplex Fuchs 1870 snail
rare
Hydrobia (Hydrobia) frauenfeldi Hoernes 1865 snail
frequent
 Heterostropha - Lymnaeidae
Radix (Radix) croatica, Radix (Radix) extensa
Radix (Radix) croatica snail
frequent
Radix (Radix) extensa snail
frequent
 Heterostropha - Planorbidae
Gyraulus (Gyraulus) praeponticus, Gyraulus (Gyraulus) dubius
 Heterostropha - Valvatidae
"Valvata (Cinncina) cf. obtusaeformis" = Valvata obtusaeformis
"Valvata (Cinncina) cf. obtusaeformis" = Valvata obtusaeformis Lorenthey 1906 snail
frequent
Bivalvia
 Cardiida - Dreissenidae
Congeria ? sp.
Congeria ? sp. clam
rare, nov.
 Cardiida - Sphaeriidae
Pisidium sp.
Pisidium sp. Pfeiffer 1821 pea clam
rare
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Limnocardium praeponticum" = Lymnocardium, "Limnocardium spinosum" = Lymnocardium, "Limnocardium cf. promultistriatum" = Lymnocardium, "Limnocardium cf. fatioi" = Lymnocardium, "Limnocardium cf. robiei" = Lymnocardium, "Limnocardium plicataeformis" = Lymnocardium, "Limnocardium cekusi" = Lymnocardium, "Limnocardium obsoletum" = Lymnocardium, ? Cerastoderma protracta
"Limnocardium praeponticum" = Lymnocardium cockle
frequent
"Limnocardium spinosum" = Lymnocardium cockle
frequent
"Limnocardium cf. promultistriatum" = Lymnocardium cockle
rare
"Limnocardium cf. fatioi" = Lymnocardium cockle
rare
"Limnocardium cf. robiei" = Lymnocardium cockle
rare
"Limnocardium plicataeformis" = Lymnocardium cockle
frequent
"Limnocardium cekusi" = Lymnocardium cockle
frequent
"Limnocardium obsoletum" = Lymnocardium cockle
rare, subspecies protractum
Ostracoda
 Podocopida - Cytherideidae
Cyprideis heterostigma
Cyprideis heterostigma ostracod
supspecies obesa
 Podocopida - Loxoconchidae
Loxoconcha muelleri, Loxoconcha rhombovalis, Loxoconcha hodonica
 Podocopida - Hemicytheridae
Hemicytheria brunnensis
 Podocopida - Leptocytheridae
Leptocythere paralella
 Podocopida - Darwinulidae
Darwinula stevensoni
Darwinula stevensoni Brady and Robertson 1870 ostracod
 Podocopida - Candonidae
Candona milinkae, Candona postsarmatica, Candona (Pontoniella) sagittosa, Candona (Lineocypris) hodonensis, Candona (Lineocypris) pupini, Candona (Typhlocypris) fossulata
 Podocopida - Cyprididae
Cypria reniformis, Cypria pannonica