Haikou [Yuanshan Fm (formerly Qiongzhusi)] (Cambrian of China)

Also known as Chengjiang biota; Jingmacun, Kunming

Where: Yunnan, China (24.8° N, 102.6° E: paleocoordinates 35.1° N, 161.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Eoredlichia trilobite zone, Yuanshan Formation, Atdabanian (520.0 - 516.0 Ma)

• LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY: Formerly from the Yuanshan Mbr, Qiongzhusi Fm. Yuanshan is raised to formation rank in recent publications (Steiner 2005, 2007). Wade-Giles romanization of Qiongzhusi is Chiungchussu. AGE: Eoredlichia Zone. Refined to Atdabanian by A. Hendy (2/2009)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; lithified, gray, green, yellow, carbonaceous mudstone

• "benthic sediment flows... are believed to have been the the principal method of burial" (Shu et al. 1999b)

•"presence of agglutinated quartz grains, substantially coarser than the surrounding matrix... suggests... that the animal inhabited a higher-energy, sandy sea floor and was transported" (Shu et al. 2001)

• LITHOLOGY: Dark grey-green (yellow, when weathered), finely laminated mudstones, containing organic hash in great quantity. LITHIFICATION: Lithified, on the basis of figures.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: adpression, soft parts

Collection methods: surface (in situ), hydrochloric,

• COLLECTOR: Multiple collectors. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text.

Primary reference: M. Steiner, M. Zhu, Y. Zhao and B.-D. Erdtmann. 2005. Lower Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil associations of South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220:129-152 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 68083: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 02.01.2007, edited by Austin Hendy, Marcus Domansky and Pete Wagner

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for all groups. NOMENCLATURE: From a combination of authoritative and review publications, with modern nomenclature and species-resolution identifications.
unclassified
  -
Sinocylindra yunnanensis
  -
Sinocylindra yunnanensis Chen and Erdtmann 1991
Fuxianospira
  -
Scleroctenophora
  -
Trigoides aclis Luo et al. 1999
Xidazoon stephanus
  -
Xidazoon stephanus n. gen. n. sp.4 Shu et al. 1999
Xidazoon stephanus Shu et al. 1999
Demospongiae
 Protomonaxonida - Choiidae
Choia sp. Walcott 1920 demosponge
Allantospongia mica Rigby and Hou 1995 demosponge
Choiaella radiata Rigby and Hou 1995 demosponge
 Protomonaxonida - Leptomitidae
Paraleptomitella dictyodroma Chen et al. 1989 demosponge
Leptomitus teretiusculus Chen et al. 1989 demosponge
 Protomonaxonida - Hazeliidae
Hazelia palmata Walcott 1920 demosponge
 Protomonaxonida - Halichondritidae
Halichondrites sp. Walcott 1920 demosponge
 Protomonaxonida - Hamptoniidae
Hamptonia bowerbanki Walcott 1920 demosponge
  - Vauxiidae
Vauxia progracilenta n. sp.6 demosponge
Vauxia paraleioia6 demosponge
Hexactinellida
 Reticulosa - Protospongiidae
Saetaspongia densa Mehl and Reitner 1993 glass sponge
Cambrorhytium
  -
Xianguangia
  -
Xianguangia sinica Chen and Erdtmann 1991
Nectocaris
  - Nectocarididae
Petalilium latus Luo and Hu 1999
Cotyledion tylodes
  -
Cotyledion tylodes Luo and Hu 1999
Lingulata
 Discinida - Disciniidae
Heliomedusa orienta7 Sun and Hou 1987
Heliomedusa orienta Sun and Hou 1987
 Lingulida - Botsfordiidae
Diandongia pista Rong 1974
 Lingulida - Obolidae
"Lingulella chengjiangensis" = Eoglossa chengjiangensis
"Lingulella chengjiangensis" = Eoglossa chengjiangensis Jin et al. 1993
 Lingulida - Lingulellotretidae
 Lophophorata -
Phlogites longus Luo and Hu 1999
Conicula striata Luo et al. 1999
Hyolitha
 Hyolithida -
 Hyolithida - Sulcavitidae
Amiskwia
  - Amiskwidae
Acosmia maotiania
  -
Acosmia maotiania Chen and Zhou 1997
 Palaeoscolecidomorpha -
? Maotianshania cylindrica Sun and Huo 1987
 Palaeoscolecidomorpha - Cricocosmiidae
Palaeoscolecida
 Cricocosmida - Palaeoscolecidae
"Palaeoscolex sinensis" = Mafangscolex sinensis
"Palaeoscolex sinensis" = Mafangscolex sinensis Hou and Sun 1988
Paraselkirkia
  -
 Archaeopriapulida - Ottoidae
Corynetis brevis
  -
Corynetis brevis Luo and Hu 1999
Sicyophorus
  -
Sicyophorus rara Luo and Hu 1999
Bilateria
 Luolishaniida -
Facivermis yunnanicus Hou and Chen 1989
"Xishania longiusula" = Facivermis longiusula Hu 2002
Luolishania longicruris Hou and Chen 1989
 Bilateria -
Diania cactiformis
  -
Diania cactiformis n. gen. n. sp.2
Diania cactiformis n. gen. n. sp.2 Liu et al. 2011
Cardiodictyon
  -
Cardiodictyon catenulum Hou et al. 1991
 Hallucishaniids -
Hallucigenia fortis1 Hou and Bergström 1995
Jianfengia
  -
 Odaraiida - Pectocariidae
"? Odaraia eurypetala" = Pectocaris
"? Odaraia eurypetala" = Pectocaris
 Bradoriida -
Tanglangia
  -
Ercaia
  -
Megadictyon
  -
Deuteropoda
 Fuxianhuiida - Fuxianhuiidae
 Mollisoniida -
Urokodia aequalis Hou et al. 1989
Megacheira
 Fortiforcipida - Fortiforcipidae
Fortiforceps foliosa Hou and Bergström 1997
 Leanchoiliida - Leanchoiliidae
"Leanchoilia illecebrosa" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa, "Leanchoilia asiatica" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa, "Dianchia mirabilis" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa, "Apiocephalus elegans" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa
"Leanchoilia illecebrosa" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa Hou 1987
"Leanchoilia asiatica" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa Hou 1987
"Dianchia mirabilis" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa Hou 1987
"Apiocephalus elegans" = Leanchoilia illecebrosa Hou 1987
Deuteropoda
 Hymenostraca -
Crustacea
 Waptiida - Waptiidae
Waptia sp.5 Walcott 1912
Deuteropoda
 Isoxyida - Isoxyidae
Isoxys auritus Jiang 1982
Isoxys paradoxus Hou 1987
Isoxys curvirostratus Vannier and Chen 2000
Artiopoda
  -
Retifacies abnormalis Hou et al. 1989
Squamacula clypeata Hou and Bergström 1997
 Conciliterga -
Kuamaia lata Hou 1987
Saperion glumaceum Hou et al. 1991
 Nektaspidida - Naraoiidae
Naraoia sp.5 Walcott 1912
Naraoia spinosa Zhang and Hou 1985
Naraoia longicaudata Zhang and Hou 1985
 Nektaspidida -
Sinoburius lunaris Hou et al. 1991
Xandarella sp. Hou et al. 1991
Cindarella eucalla Chen et al. 1996
Trilobita
 Redlichiida - Yunnanocephalidae
Yunnanocephalus sp.5 Kobayashi 1936 trilobite
Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis Mansuy 1912 trilobite
 Redlichiida - Redlichiidae
Eoredlichia sp.5 Chang 1950 trilobite
"Eoredlichia intermedia" = Eoredlichia intermediata Lu 1940 trilobite
Kuanyangia pustulosa Lu 1941 trilobite
 Radiodonta - Anomalocarididae
Parapeytoia yunnanensis Hou et al. 1995
Anomalocaris saron Hou et al. 1995
 Radiodonta - Amplectobeluidae
 Parvancorinomorpha - Parvancorinidae
Primicaris larvaformis Zhang et al. 2003
Vetulicolida
  - Vetulicolidae
 Vetulicolata - Didazoonidae
 Bilateria -
Cheungkongella ancestralis n. gen. n. sp.3 Shu et al. 2001
Cheungkongella ancestralis Shu et al. 2001
 Bilateria - Eldoniidae
Stellostomites eumorphus Sun and Hou 1987
Cephalochordata
  -
Agnatha
  -
Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa n. gen. n. sp.5 Wagner 2023 jawless fish
Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa Wagner 2023 jawless fish
Haikouichthys ercaicunensis n. gen. n. sp.5 Luo et al. 1999 jawless fish
Haikouichthys ercaicunensis Luo et al. 1999 jawless fish
Discoides abnormis
  -
Discoides abnormis Luo et al. 1999
Sandaokania latinodosa
  -
Sandaokania latinodosa Luo and Hu 1999
Lagenula striolata
  -
Lagenula striolata Luo and Hu 1999