Protochonetes ludloviensis association, Whitcliffe Beds (Silurian of the United Kingdom)

Where: England, United Kingdom (52.4° N, 2.7° W: paleocoordinates 26.4° S, 12.6° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

When: Whitcliffe Beds Formation, Ludlow (427.4 - 423.0 Ma)

• "Ludlow Series, Whitcliffe Beds"

Environment/lithology: transition zone or lower shoreface; siltstone

• "coquinoid sltst. nearshore- Eocoelia community equivalent. BA2"

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: R. Watkins. 1979. Benthic community organization in the Ludlow Series of the Welsh Borderland. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 31:175-280 [P. Novack-Gottshall/P. Hearn/J. Ju]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 478: authorized by Jack Sepkoski, entered by Mike Sommers on 15.12.1998, edited by Pete Wagner

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• "R. Watkins, 1978. Bivalve ecology in a Silurian shelf environment. Lethaia 11:41-56"

•Original list replaced by Watkins 1979's Table 20.

•Crinoidea - Crinoidea indet.

•Strophomenata Strophomenida - Shaleriidae Shaleria sp.

•Productida - Strophochonetidae Protochonetes sp.

•Rhynchonellata Athyridida - Dayiidae Dayia sp.

•Rhynchonellida - Camarotoechiidae Camarotoechia sp.

•Spiriferida - Delthyrididae Howellella sp.

•Orthida - Draboviidae Salopina sp.

•Orthida - Dalmanellidae Isorthis sp.

•Lingulata Lingulida - Discinidae Orbiculoidea sp.

•Lingulida - Lingulidae Lingula sp.

•Polychaeta Serpulimorpha - Serpulites sp.

•Gastropoda Bellerophontida - Bellerophontidae Bucanopsis sp.

•Euomphalina - Platyceratidae Cyclonema sp.

•Prosobranchia - ? Archaeogastropoda indet.

•Tentaculita Cornulitida - Cornulitidae Cornulites sp.

•Cephalopoda Nautiloidea - Nautiloidea indet.

•Bivalvia Carditida - Cardiniidae Cypricardinia sp.

•Cardiidia - Grammysiidae Sedgwickia sp.

•Modiomorphida - Modiomorphidae Goniophora sp.

•Modiomorphida - Modiomorphidae Modiolopsis sp.

•Cardiidia - "Pholadomyoida indet." = Pholadomyida

•Ostreida - Pterineidae Pteronitella sp.

•Ostreida - Pterineidae Ptychopteria sp.

•Protobranchia - Malletiidae Nuculites sp.

•Stenolaemata Trepostomata - ? Trepostomata indet.

Trilobita
 Phacopida - Encrinuridae
Cephalopoda
 Ascocerida - Ascoceratidae
 Orthoceratoidea - Paraphragmitidae
 Orthocerida - Kionoceratidae
Gastropoda
 Euomphalina -
"Platyceratacea "sp. A"" = Platyceratoidea, "Platyceratacea "sp. B"" = Platyceratoidea
"Platyceratacea "sp. A"" = Platyceratoidea Hall 1859 snail
"Platyceratacea "sp. B"" = Platyceratoidea Hall 1859 snail
 Bellerophontida - Pterothecidae
"Bucanopsis expansus" = Phragmosphaera expansus
"Bucanopsis expansus" = Phragmosphaera expansus de Sowerby and Murchison 1839 snail
 Murchisoniina - Phanerotrematidae
"Bembexia lloydii" = Ulrichospira lloydii
"Bembexia lloydii" = Ulrichospira lloydii de Sowerby and Murchison 1839 snail
Bivalvia
 Nuculanida - Cucullellidae
 Ostreida - Pterineidae
 Cyrtodontida - Antipleuridae
 Cardiidia - Grammysiidae
Grammysioidea sp. Williams 1916 clam
 Modiomorphida - Modiomorphidae
"Goniophora cymbaeformis" = Goniophora (Goniophora) cymbaeformis
"Goniophora cymbaeformis" = Goniophora (Goniophora) cymbaeformis Sowerby 1839 clam
Rhynchonellata
 Athyridida - Dayiidae
Dayia navicula Sowerby 1839
 Orthida - Dalmanellidae
 Orthida - Draboviidae
Salopina lunata Sowerby 1839
 Atrypida - Atrypidae
Atrypa reticularis Linnaeus 1758
 Rhynchonellida - Trigonirhynchiidae
""Camarotoechia" nucula" = Microsphaeridiorhynchus nucula
""Camarotoechia" nucula" = Microsphaeridiorhynchus nucula Sowerby 1839
Strophomenata
 Strophomenida - Rafinesquinidae
Lepidoleptaena sp. Havlicek 1963
 Strophomenida - Strophochonetidae
Craniata
 Craniopsida - Craniopsidae
Lingulata
 Lingulida - Lingulidae
 Lingulida - Discinidae
Stenolaemata
 Trepostomata -
? Trepostomata indet. Ulrich 1882
3 species, ramose bryozoans - originally entered as "? Trepostomata sp."