Macrofauna, Los Valles de Fuentiduenya (Segovia) (Miocene of Spain)

Also known as Macrofauna, Los Valles de Fuentidueña (Segovia)

Where: Segovia, Spain (41.4° N, 0.3° W: paleocoordinates 41.6° N, 1.2° W)

• coordinate stated in text

When: Vallesian (11.6 - 8.7 Ma)

• Miocene, MN9-10. There are 5 levels with fossil remains, level X is the highest in the section (approximately 100m above level Y3). However, the earlier large mammal collections are not associated with these divisions, so they have been entered separately.

Environment/lithology: alluvial fan

• A pond system with a little alluvial fan in which most of the bones have been found.

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: Material from the 1978-1981 excavations is held in the Equipo de Vertebrados del Instituto de Geologia del CSIC, Madrid. Older material is kept at Sabadell Museum.

Primary reference: M. Hoyos, M. A. Garcia del Cura, and S. Ordonyez. 1981. Caracteristicas geologicas de yacimiento de los Valles de Fuentiduenya (Segovia). Estudios Geologicos 37:345-351 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 40768: authorized by Alan Turner, entered by Hannah O'Regan on 30.06.2004, edited by Mark Uhen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Mammalia
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Aceratherium simorrense2 rhinoceros
Crania and postcrania.
Aceratherium cf. incisivum2 Cuvier 1824 rhinoceros
1 upper P3. Lower teeth: 1 P3, 1 P4, 1 M3. 1 calcaneum, 1 cuboid.
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
"Hipparion primigenium" = Hippotherium primigenium1
"Hipparion primigenium" = Hippotherium primigenium1 von Meyer 1829 hipparionine horse
Hipparion primigenium melendezi. MNI 46 adults and 13 juveniles. Teeth and postcranial specimens.
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Suidae indet.7 Gray 1821 pig
1 lower M2 fragment.
 Artiodactyla - Tragulidae
Dorcatherium naui7 Kaup 1833 chevrotain
1 mandible with M1-M2, 1 mandible with D3-M1. Lower teeth: 1 P2, 1 D2, 2 D4, 1 D4 fragment, 1 P3, 1 P4, 4 molars, 2 M3, 1 M3 fragment. Upper teeth: 1 D3 fragment, 1 P4, 6 molars, 2 D4. 2 scaphoids, 1 pyramidal, 1 magnotrapezoide, 2 metacarpals, 2 first phalanges, 5 second phalanges, 3 tibiae, 17 astragali, 4 calcanea, 8 navicularcuboids.
 Artiodactyla - Moschidae
Hispanomeryx duriensis n. gen. n. sp.6 musk deer
10 teeth, plus postcrania.
Micromeryx flourensianus7 Lartet 1851 musk deer
lower teeth: 1 P4, 1 M2, 1 M1, 2 M3. 1 upper P2. 1 humerus distal epiphysis, 1 calcaeum fragment, 1 very eroded astraglus.
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Euprox dicranoceros7 deer
11 antler fragments, 1 cranial fragment with pedicle. Upper teeth 2 molars, 1 D4, 2 P3, 1 P2. Lower teeth: 1 M2, 2 M3 fragments. 4 astragali, 3 navicular cuboids, 1 tibia distal epiphysis.
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Miotragocerus sp.7 Stromer 1928 antelope
1 horncore fragment. Upper teeth: 1 M3, 1 M2, 1 M3 fragment, 3 fragmentary molars, 1 P1. 1 magnotrapezoid, 1 proximal tibia fragment, 1 incomplete calcaneum, 1 tuber calcis, . 1 navicularcuboid, 2 astragali, 1 incomplete astragalus, Phalanges: 1 first, 2 second, 2 third. 1 distal metapodial.
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Decennatherium pachecoi7 Crusafont 1952 giraffe
Upper teeth: 1 D3, 1 M3, 1 maxilla with M2-M3. Lower teeth: 1 mandible with D3-M1, 1 mandible with M1-M2, 1 mandible with P4-M1, 3 M3, 2 M2, 5 M1, 5 P4, 7 P3, 1 mandible with P2, 4 P2, 1 ulna, 1 radius, 5 humeri, 5 metacarpals, 4 tibiae, 6 metatarsals, 10 scaphoids, 8 semilunars, 10 pyramidals, 2 pisiforms, 6 magnotrapezoids, 7 unciforms, 10 malleolar, 9 astragali, 4 calcanea, 8 ectocuneiforms, 6 navicularcuboids. Phalanges: 13 first, 12 second, 2 third.
 Carnivora - Percrocutidae
Pseudailurus quadridentatus3 carnivoran
Lower teeth: 1 mandible, 1 M1, 3 M1 fragments. Upper teeth: 8 canines, 1 P3, 1 P4. 1 humerus - distal epiphysis. Proximal epiphyses: 2 radial, 1 cubito. 5 metacarpals (II-IV), 4 Calcanea, 3 astragali, 1 3rd metatarsal.
 Carnivora - Nimravidae
Sansanosmilus jourdani3 Filhol 1883 false sabre-tooth
1 mandbile with Ci-P4, 2 lower M1, 1 lower M1 fragment, 1 upper P3, 1 upper M1, 2 proximal radial epiphyses, 3 third metacarpals, 1 navicular, 1 cuneiform.
 Carnivora - Felidae
Felidae indet.3 Gray 1821 cat
1 humerus distal epiphysis, 1 tibia distal epiphysis.
Machairodus alberdiae n. sp.3 cat
1 mandible with P3-M1, 1 mandible fragment, 1 lower canine, 1 M1 fragment, 2 upper P3, 2 upper canines.
Machairodus aphanistus3 Kaup 1833 cat
4 lower canines, 1 lower P4, 1 lower P4 fragment, 2 lower M1 fragments, 1 upper P3, 1 upper P4 fragment.
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Lycyaena aff. chaeretis3 Gaudry 1861 hyaena
lower teeth: 1 canine, 1 P2, 1 mandible fragment with P4, 1 M1, 2 M1 fragments. Upper teeth: 1 canine, 2 P3, 2 P4 fragments.
Protictitherium crassum3 Deperet 1892 hyaena
all teeth.
Plioviverrops sp.3 Kretzoi 1938 hyaena
2 upper M1.
 Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Amphicyon major3, "Amphicyon castellanus n. sp." = Magericyon castellanus3, Thaumastocyon dirus n. sp.3
Amphicyon major3 De Blainville 1841 bear-dog
Amphicyon major eppelsheimensis. 1 lower M2, 1 partial lower M1 and 1 upper P3.
"Amphicyon castellanus n. sp." = Magericyon castellanus3 Fraile 1997 bear-dog
upper teeth: 1 right maxialla with P4-M2, 1 canine, 1 2 M1, 2 M1 fragments. Lower teeth: 1 mandible with P4-M2, 1 M1.
Thaumastocyon dirus n. sp.3 Ginsburg et al. 1981 bear-dog
1 lower M1, ! lower M2.
 Carnivora - Mephitidae
Mephitinae indet.3 Bonaparte 1845 skunk
1 mandible fragment, 1 upper canine, 1 lower canine.
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Circamustela dechaseauxi3 mustelid carnivore
1 upper M1 fragment.
"Eomellivora liguritor" = Eomellivora piveteaui3 Ozansoy 1965 ratel
1 upper P4, 1 ectocuneiform.
? Marcetia santigae3 mustelid carnivore
1 upper P4.
 Carnivora - Ursidae
Ursidae indet.3 Gray 1825 bear
2 right calcanea, 1 radius.
 Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae
Deinotherium cf. giganteum4 Kaup 1829 deinothere
1 molar fragment.
 Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Tetralophodon longirostris4 Kaup 1832 gomphothere
Upper teeth: 1 D2, 1 D3, 1 P4. Lower teeth: 2 D4, 1 M1, 1 mandible fragment, 3 molar fragments, 10 third molar fragments.
Aves
 Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocorax ibericus5 de Villalta 1963 cormorant
 Galliformes - Phasianidae
Palaeortyx gallica8 Milne-Edwards 1869 pheasant