PBDB Collection

Kirtlington 3p (Mammal Bed) (Jurassic of the United Kingdom)

Also known as Kirtlington Cement Quarry

Where: England, United Kingdom (51.9° N, 1.3° W: paleocoordinates 41.5° N, 9.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Forest Marble Formation (Great Oolite Group), Late/Upper Bathonian (167.7 - 164.7 Ma)

• Oppelia aspidoides zone

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: mire or swamp; unlithified marl

• "deposited under non-marine conditions in a swampy coastal region" (Gardner et al. 2003)

• "nonmarine clay" and "unconsolidated marl"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collected by Team from University College, London, led by the late Prof. K.A. Kermack; reposited in the BMNH

Collection methods: bulk, sieve,

• BDUC collection, Biology Department, University College, London

Primary reference: E. P. Freeman. 1976. Mammal teeth from the Forest Marble (Middle Jurassic) of Oxfordshire, England. Science 194(4269):1053-1055 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/R. Benson]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 39075: authorized by Matthew Carrano, entered by Matthew Carrano on 19.05.2004, edited by Kaitlin Maguire, Terri Cleary, John Alroy, Roger Benson, Richard Butler and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Pteridopsida
-	"Triletes" sp.⁹ "Triletes" sp.⁹ Reinsch 1881 megaspores
unclassified
-	Charophyta indet.⁹ Charophyta indet.⁹ Migula 1890
Chondrichthyes
Hybodontiformes -	Lissodus sp.⁹ Lissodus sp.⁹ Brough 1935 elasmobranch
Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae	Hybodus sp.¹² Hybodus sp.¹² Agassiz 1834 elasmobranch
Hybodontiformes - Acrodontidae	Asteracanthus sp.¹² Asteracanthus sp.¹² Agassiz 1836 elasmobranch
Gnathostomata
-	Actinopterygii indet.¹² Actinopterygii indet.¹² ray-finned fish 197+ scales, 6+ vertebrae
Actinopteri
Holostei -	Pycnodontoidea indet.⁹ Pycnodontoidea indet.⁹
Amiiformes -	? Amioidea indet.⁹ ? Amioidea indet.⁹ Bonaparte 1838 bowfin
Lepisosteiformes -	cf. Lepidotes sp.⁹ cf. Lepidotes sp.⁹ Agassiz 1832 gar
Amphibia
Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae	Anoualerpeton priscus n. sp.¹³ Anoualerpeton priscus n. sp.¹³ Gardner et al. 2003 tetrapod
Caudata -	Caudata "indet. A"¹¹, Caudata "indet. B"¹¹, Marmorerpeton sp.¹⁰, Marmorerpeton freemani n. sp.¹⁰, Marmorerpeton kermacki n. gen. n. sp.¹⁰ Caudata "indet. A"¹¹ salamander "Salamander A (common form)" Caudata "indet. B"¹¹ salamander "Salamander B (small form)" Marmorerpeton sp.¹⁰ Evans et al. 1988 salamander Marmorerpeton freemani n. sp.¹⁰ Evans et al. 1988 salamander Marmorerpeton kermacki n. gen. n. sp.¹⁰ Evans et al. 1988 salamander
Salientia - Discoglossidae	Eodiscoglossus oxoniensis n. sp.¹¹ Eodiscoglossus oxoniensis n. sp.¹¹ Evans et al. 1990 painted frog
Reptilia
Squamata -	Anguimorpha indet.⁸, Scincomorpha indet.⁸, Balnealacerta silvestris n. gen. n. sp.⁷, Bellairsia gracilis n. gen. n. sp.⁷, Oxiella tenuis n. gen. n. sp.⁷, Eophis underwoodi n. gen. n. sp.³, Parviraptor cf. estesi⁶, ? Gekkota indet.⁹ Anguimorpha indet.⁸ squamates Scincomorpha indet.⁸ squamates Balnealacerta silvestris n. gen. n. sp.⁷ Evans 1998 squamates BMNH R12669 (holotype), partial left dentary; BMNH R12670, right maxilla; BMNH R12671, R12672, two left premaxillae; BMNH R12673, R12634, R12635 three frontals; further specimens not further elaborated on Bellairsia gracilis n. gen. n. sp.⁷ Evans 1998 squamates BMNH R12678 (holotype), partial left dentary; BMNH R12679, fragment of right maxilla; BMNH R12680, left premaxilla; further dentary specimens not further elaborated on Oxiella tenuis n. gen. n. sp.⁷ Evans 1998 squamates BMNH R12689 (holotype), left dentary Eophis underwoodi n. gen. n. sp.³ Caldwell et al. 2015 snake NHMUK R12355, symphyseal portion of right dentary; NHMUK R12354, midsection right dentary; NHMUK R12370, posterior portion of right dentary; NHMUK R12352, fragment of left maxilla Parviraptor cf. estesi⁶ Evans 1994 squamates Series of dissociated elements including BMNH R12353, a left parietal; R12356, a partial left frontal; R12357, left frontal of a juvenile; R12358, another left frontal of a juvenile; R12359, partial left frontal; R12360, axis vertabra; R12361, partial dorsal vertebra; R12362, partial dorsal vert.; R12363, dorsal vert. of juvenile; R12364, fragment of vertebral condyle; R12365, dorsal vert.; R12366, anterior caudal vert.; R12367, anterior caudal vert.; R12368, anterior part of an autotomized caudal vert.; R12369, posterior part of an autotomized vert.; further collection of about 100 dissociated jaws, skull bones and vertebrae. Other specimens from the same reference have subseq. been erected under new taxon Eophis underwoodi ? Gekkota indet.⁹ Cuvier 1817 squamates
Squamata - Paramacellodidae	Saurillodon sp.⁹, Saurillodon marmorensis n. sp.⁷ Saurillodon sp.⁹ Estes 1983 squamates Saurillodon marmorensis n. sp.⁷ Evans 1998 squamates BMNH R12650 (holotype), right dentary; BMNH R12651, symphyseal region of right dentary; BMNH R12653, right maxilla; BMNH R12652, left premaxilla; plus "range of highly distinctive vertebrae including BMNH R12654-12668"
Pterosauria -	Pterosauria indet.²¹, Rhamphorhynchoidea indet.⁹ Pterosauria indet.²¹ Kaup 1834 pterosaur Rhamphorhynchoidea indet.⁹ Plieninger 1901 pterosaur Teeth
Theropoda - Megalosauridae	Megalosaurus sp.¹ Megalosaurus sp.¹ Parkinson 1822 tetanuran theropod
Theropoda -	Maniraptora indet.¹ Maniraptora indet.¹ Gauthier 1986 maniraptoran
Saurischia -	? Cetiosaurus sp.¹² ? Cetiosaurus sp.¹² Owen 1841 sauropod
Ornithischia -	cf. Alocodon sp.⁸ cf. Alocodon sp.⁸ Thulborn 1975 ornithischian
Loricata - Goniopholididae	cf. Goniopholis sp.⁸ cf. Goniopholis sp.⁸ Owen 1842 crocodilian
Loricata - Atoposauridae	cf. Theriosuchus sp.²⁰ cf. Theriosuchus sp.²⁰ Owen 1878 crocodilian
Lepidosauria -	Sphenodontia indet.⁸ Sphenodontia indet.⁸ lepidosaur
Eosuchia -	Marmoretta oxoniensis n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Marmoretta oxoniensis n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Evans 1991 crown diapsid BMNH R.12020–12146
Choristodera - Cteniogenyidae	Cteniogenys sp.⁴ Cteniogenys sp.⁴ Gilmore 1928 choristodere "Reptile B"; NHMUK specimens - skull and postcranial remains
Testudines -	Cryptodira "histomorph II"¹⁷ Cryptodira "histomorph II"¹⁷ turtle Histomorph II is represented only by a single specimen (IPB R589)
Testudinata - Pleurosternidae	Pleurosternidae "histomorph I"¹⁷ Pleurosternidae "histomorph I"¹⁷ Cope 1868 turtle
Mammalia
Theriamorpha - Amphitheriidae	? Amphitherium sp.¹² ? Amphitherium sp.¹² de Blainville 1838 mammal FM/K 16 (=BMNH M36516), a left lower molar minus its talonid
Theriamorpha - Dryolestidae	? Dryolestidae indet. ? Dryolestidae indet. Marsh 1879 mammal
Pantotheria -	Eupantotheria indet. Eupantotheria indet. Kermack and Musset 1958 mammal
Theriamorpha -	Palaeoxonodon ooliticus n. gen. n. sp. Palaeoxonodon ooliticus n. gen. n. sp. Freeman 1976 mammal
Prototribosphenida -	Amphitheria indet.¹² Amphitheria indet.¹² Kermack et al. 1968 mammal FM/K 32 (=BMNH M36532)
Shuotheridia - Shuotheriidae	Shuotherium sp.¹⁸, ? Shuotherium sp.¹⁸ Shuotherium sp.¹⁸ Chow and Rich 1982 mammal J.439, a lower left tooth ? Shuotherium sp.¹⁸ Chow and Rich 1982 mammal J.789, right molar; J.808, left upper molar; J.235, left upper molar
Allotheria -	Allotheria indet.² Allotheria indet.² mammal BMNH M46234, left I2
Allotheria - Kermackodontidae	"Eleutherodon oxfordensis n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis¹⁴, "Kirtlingtonia catenata n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis², "Kermackodon multicuspis n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis² "Eleutherodon oxfordensis n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis¹⁴ Kermack et al. 1998 mammal "Kirtlingtonia catenata n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis² Kermack et al. 1998 mammal BMNH M46497, the crown of a right upper molar, probably unerupted; BMNH M46579, right upper molar with root "Kermackodon multicuspis n. gen. n. sp." = Kermackodon oxfordensis² Kermack et al. 1998 mammal BMNH M46822, a left upper molar (M2)
Allotheria -	Woodeatonia parva¹⁵ Woodeatonia parva¹⁵ Mao et al. 2022 mammal NHMUK PV M 46818 (a referred specimen of “Kirtlingtonia catenata”
Multituberculata - Hahnotheriidae	Hahnotherium antiquum n. gen. n. sp.² Hahnotherium antiquum n. gen. n. sp.² Butler and Hooker 2005 multituberculate BMNH M46797, a left second upper molar. Described by Kermack et al. 1998: 596, figs. 19B, 21 as Eleutherodon oxfordensis, group
Multituberculata - Paulchoffatiidae	? Paulchoffatiidae indet.¹² ? Paulchoffatiidae indet.¹² Hahn 1969 multituberculate FM/K 43 (=BMNH M36543): a partial upper incisor referred to as a 'multituberculate or tritylodontid incisor' by Freeman (1979); transferred to just Paulchoffatiidae indet. by Hahn (1993)
Osteichthyes
Morganucodonta - Megazostrodontidae	Wareolestes rex n. gen. n. sp.¹² Wareolestes rex n. gen. n. sp.¹² Freeman 1979 mammaliaform
Cynodontia -	Haramiyida sp.² Haramiyida sp.² mammaliaform BDUC J 562 is a relatively small molariform tooth: Interpretation of J 562 must await the discovery of further material; at present it can only be classified incertae sedis
Docodonta - Docodontidae	Peraiocynodon major n. sp.¹⁹, Cyrtlatherium canei n. gen. n. sp.¹², Borealestes mussetti n. sp.¹⁹, Borealestes serendipitus¹⁹ Peraiocynodon major n. sp.¹⁹ Sigogneau-Russell 2003 dodocont Cyrtlatherium canei n. gen. n. sp.¹² Freeman 1979 dodocont Borealestes mussetti n. sp.¹⁹ Sigogneau-Russell 2003 dodocont Borealestes serendipitus¹⁹ Waldman and Savage 1972 dodocont
Docodonta - Tegotheriidae	Krusatodon kirtlingtonensis n. gen. n. sp.¹⁹, "Shuotherium kermacki n. sp." = Paritatodon kermacki¹⁸ Krusatodon kirtlingtonensis n. gen. n. sp.¹⁹ Sigogneau-Russell 2003 dodocont "Shuotherium kermacki n. sp." = Paritatodon kermacki¹⁸ Sigogneau-Russell 1998 dodocont J.612, left lower molar; J226, right lower molar
Docodonta - Simpsonodontidae	Simpsonodon oxfordensis n. gen. n. sp.¹⁹ Simpsonodon oxfordensis n. gen. n. sp.¹⁹ Kermack et al. 1987 dodocont Holotpe: J. 100, fragment of right ramus of lower jaw with three postcanine teeth
Therapsida - Tritylodontidae	Tritylodontidae indet.¹², Stereognathus ooliticus¹⁶ Tritylodontidae indet.¹² Cope 1884 mammaliamorph four cusps or parts of cusps, and a complete incisor similar to Oligokyphus (FM/K 6 [=BMNH M36506]) Stereognathus ooliticus¹⁶ Charlesworth 1854 mammaliamorph NHMUK, OUMNH

¹Benton and Spencer 1995; ²Butler and Hooker 2005; ³Caldwell et al. 2015; ⁴Evans 1989; ⁵Evans 1991; ⁶Evans 1994; ⁷Evans 1998; ⁸Evans and Milner 1991; ⁹Evans and Milner 1994; ¹⁰Evans et al. 1988; ¹¹Evans et al. 1990; ¹²Freeman 1979; ¹³Gardner et al. 2003; ¹⁴Kermack et al. 1998; ¹⁵Mao et al. 2022; ¹⁶Panciroli et al. 2017; ¹⁷Scheyer and Anquetin 2008; ¹⁸Sigogneau-Russell 1998; ¹⁹Sigogneau-Russell 2003; ²⁰Tennant et al. 2016; ²¹Unwin 1996