Kalodirr, west of Lake Turkana (Miocene of Kenya)

Also known as West Turkana, KNM-WK

Where: Kenya (3.3° N, 35.8° E: paleocoordinates 2.2° N, 33.6° E)

• coordinate stated in text

When: Kalodirr Member (Lothidok Formation), Burdigalian (20.4 - 16.0 Ma)

• the site of Kalodirr ("Oryx" in the Turkana language) is located at the headwater of the Kalodirr River (3?20'N, 35?45'E) between the Lokipenata Ridge and the Basalt Hills to the east (Boschetto et al. 1992; Leakey and Leakey 1986a, b).

•Grossman et al. 2009: The age of the Kalodirr fauna can be well constrained based on K/Ar dating of the underlying Kalodirr tuffs (17.5+/-10.2 Ma) and the overlying Naserte tuffs (16.8+/-0.2 Ma), which divide the Kalodirr Member from the younger Naserte Member of the Lothidok Formation.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: "channel"; lithology not reported

• Sedimentological analyses indicate deposition via small meandering stream channels (Boschetto, 1992).

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: R. E. Leakey and M. G. Leakey. 1986. A new Miocene hominoid from Kenya. Nature 324(13):143-146 [A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton/V. Egerton]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 38060: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Victoria Egerton on 05.04.2004, edited by Patricia Holroyd, John Alroy and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Reptilia
 Crocodylia - Crocodylidae
Brochuchus sp.2 Conrad et al. 2013 crocodile
"Crocodilia nov."
 Serpentes -
 Testudines - Podocnemididae
cf. Albertwoodemys testudinum3 Gaffney et al. 2011 sideneck turtle
KNM-WK17139 "similar and may be same species or genus"
 Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudinidae indet. Batsch 1788 turtle
 Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825 softshell turtle
Mammalia
 Macroscelidea - Macroscelididae
Miosengi butleri n. gen. n. sp.4
Miosengi butleri n. gen. n. sp.4 Grossman and Holroyd 2009 sengi
 Hyracoidea - Titanohyracidae
"Megalohyrax championi" = Afrohyrax championi
"Megalohyrax championi" = Afrohyrax championi Arambourg 1933 hyrax
 Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae
Prodeinotherium hobleyi Andrews 1911 deinothere
 Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Platybelodon sp. Borissiak 1928 gomphothere
 Creodonta -
Anasinopa leakeyi Savage 1965 creodont
 Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Hyaenodon sp. Laizer and Parieu 1838 creodont
 Carnivora -
Musteloidea indet.1 Fischer de Waldheim 1817 carnivoran
 Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Hecubides macrodon, "Cynelos macrodon" = Afrocyon macrodon1
Hecubides macrodon Savage 1965 bear-dog
"Cynelos macrodon" = Afrocyon macrodon1 Savage 1965 bear-dog
 Carnivora - Viverridae
Kichechia savagei1 Adrian et al. 2018 civet
Kichechia zamanae Savage 1965 civet
 Carnivora - Felidae
Katifelis nightingalei n. gen. n. sp.1
Katifelis nightingalei n. gen. n. sp.1 Adrian et al. 2018 cat
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
 Artiodactyla - Anthracotheriidae
Sivameryx africanus6 Andrews 1914 anthracothere
originally entered as cf. Hyoboops
Masritherium aequitorialis anthracothere
originally entered as "Masritherium aequitoralis"
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
 Artiodactyla - Tragulidae
Dorcatherium pigotti Whitworth 1958 chevrotain
Dorcatherium chappuisi Arambourg 1933 chevrotain
"Dorcatherium parvum" = Afrotragulus parvus Whitworth 1958 chevrotain
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Giraffidae indet. Gray 1821 giraffe
"Giraffidae nov."
Canthumeryx sirtensis Hamilton 1973 giraffe
 Artiodactyla -
Diamantohyus africanus4 Stromer 1926 ruminant
 Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae
cf. Gymnurechinus sp. Butler 1956 hedgehog
 Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae
 Rodentia - Myophiomyidae
 Rodentia - Thryonomyidae
Paraphiomys stromeri cane rat
originally entered as "Paraphyomys stromeri"
Paraphiomys sp. Andrews 1914 cane rat
originally entered as "Paraphyomys sp."
Paraphiomys pigotti Andrews 1914 cane rat
originally entered as "Paraphyomys pigotti"
 Primates -
Hominoidea "indet. B" Gray 1825 ape
"Hominoidae gen. nov. B"
 Primates - Proconsulidae
Afropithecus turkanensis n. gen. n. sp. Leakey and Leakey 1986 ape
Turkanapithecus kalakolensis n. gen. n. sp.5 Leakey and Leakey 1986 ape
"Hominoidae gen. nov. A"
Actinopteri
 Teleostei -
 Siluriformes - Bagridae
cf. Bagridae indet. Bleeker 1852 naked catfish
Cladistia
 Polypteriformes - Polypteridae
Polypterus sp. Lacépède 1803 bichir
Chondrichthyes
 Myliobatiformes -
Myliobatiformes indet. Compagno 1973 stingray
Gastropoda
 Stylommatophora - Achatinidae
Limicolaria sp. Schumacher 1817 slug
 Cerithioidea - Thiaridae
Melanoides tuberculata Müller 1774 snail
 Architaenioglossa - Ampullariidae
Pila ovata Olivier 1804 apple snail
Lanistes carinatus apple snail
Bivalvia
 Unionida - Etheriidae
Etheria elliptica Lamarck 1807 clam
Insecta
 Diptera - Agromyzidae
cf. Agromyzidae indet. Fallén 1823 leaf-miner fly
Cricetodontidae
  - Cricetodontidae