PBDB Collection

Gydo Formation (1st Shale), Prince Albert area (Devonian of South Africa)

Where: South Africa (33.3° S, 21.8° E: paleocoordinates 59.5° S, 151.9° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Gydo Formation (Bokkeveld Group), Emsian (407.6 - 393.3 Ma)

• Age call from ref. 9618

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; bioturbated mudstone and bioturbated siltstone

• Ref. 9618 gives interpretation of Bokkeveld Group as a series of shallowing-upward packages, with argillaceous unit below and arenaceous unit above. Gydo Formation, as the "first shale", is the lowermost argillaceous unit. The shallowing upward sequence is interpreted as representing environments from the shelf up to deltaic systems. Most fossils come from lower mudstones, often in lenses.

• Ref. 9616 refers only to "shale". Ref. 9617, for formation as a whole, cites "Mudstones and siltstones and minor thin-bedded sandstone, scattered fossiliferous nodules and lenses, lenticular bedding, abundant bioturbation."

Collection methods: Author gives numbers from personal collections, which are said to have some bearing on actual abundances.

Primary reference: R. D. F. Oosthuizen. 1984. Preliminary catalogue and report on the biostratigraphy and palaeogeographic distribution of the Bokkeveld fauna. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 87:125-140 [M. Foote/M. Foote/M. Foote]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 35578: authorized by Michael Foote, entered by Michael Foote on 29.12.2003

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	"Trigaria" cf. gydoensis "Trigaria" cf. gydoensis
Ophiuroidea
- Cheiropterasteridae	Hexuraster weitzi n. gen. Hexuraster weitzi n. gen. Spencer 1950 brittle star
- Encrinasteridae	"Encrinaster" "sp. (a)" "Encrinaster" "sp. (a)" Haekel 1866 brittle star
Asterozoa
-	"Stelleroidea indet." = Asterozoa "Stelleroidea indet." = Asterozoa von Zittel 1895
Stenuroidea
Proturina - Eophiuridae	Haughtonaster reedi Haughtonaster reedi Rilett 1971
Crinoidea
-	Crinoidea indet. Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821 Sea lily
Diplobathrida - Rhodocrinitidae	Ophiocrinus stangeri Ophiocrinus stangeri Sea lily
Monobathrida - Periechocrinidae	Corocrinus imbecillus Corocrinus imbecillus Sea lily
Monobathrida - Hexacrinitidae	? Arthroacantha sp. ? Arthroacantha sp. Wlliams 1883 Sea lily
Dendrocrinida - Rutkowskicrinidae	Sacrinus gamkaensis n. gen. n. sp. Sacrinus gamkaensis n. gen. n. sp. Jell and Theron 1999 Sea lily
Cyathocrinida - Gasterocomidae	Kopficrinus halbichi n. sp. Kopficrinus halbichi n. sp. Sea lily
Blastoidea
-	Blastoidea indet. Blastoidea indet. Say 1825 blastoid
Fissiculata - Brachyschismatidae	Brachyschisma "sp. (a)", Brachyschisma oostheizeni Brachyschisma "sp. (a)" Reimann 1945 blastoid Brachyschisma oostheizeni Breimer and Macurda 1972 blastoid
Stylophora
Mitrata - Australocystidae	Placocystella capensis, Placocystella "sp. (a)", Placocystella "sp. (b)", Placocystella "sp. (c)" Placocystella capensis Placocystella "sp. (a)" Placocystella "sp. (b)" Placocystella "sp. (c)"
Acanthodii
-	Acanthodii indet. Acanthodii indet. spiny fish acanthodian spines
Chondrichthyes
Climatiiformes - Gyracanthidae	"Gyracanthus" "sp. (a)", "Gyracanthus" "sp. (b)" "Gyracanthus" "sp. (a)" Agassiz 1836 spiny fish "Gyracanthus" "sp. (b)" Agassiz 1836 spiny fish
Placodermi
Arthrodira - Coccosteidae	? Coccosteus "sp. (a)" ? Coccosteus "sp. (a)" Agassiz 1843 armour-plated fish
Polychaeta
Serpulimorpha -	"Serpulites" sica "Serpulites" sica
Tergomya
Archinacellida - Metoptomatidae	"Metoptoma" capense "Metoptoma" capense
Cephalopoda
-	Cephalopoda indet. Cephalopoda indet. Cuvier 1797
Orthocerida - Orthoceratidae	"Orthoceras" bokkeveldense, Orthoceras constrictum, Orthoceras gamkaense, Orthoceras rex "Orthoceras" bokkeveldense Orthoceras constrictum Orthoceras gamkaense Orthoceras rex
Bactritida - Bactritidae	? Bactrites "sp. (a)", "Cyrtobactrites" "sp. (a)" ? Bactrites "sp. (a)" Sandberger 1843 "Cyrtobactrites" "sp. (a)" Erben 1960
Gastropoda
Euomphalina - Platyceratidae	""Diaphorostoma" baini" = Platyostoma, ""Diaphorostoma" "sp. (a)"" = Platyostoma, ""Diaphorostoma" "sp. (b)"" = Platyostoma ""Diaphorostoma" baini" = Platyostoma snail ""Diaphorostoma" "sp. (a)"" = Platyostoma Conrad 1842 snail ""Diaphorostoma" "sp. (b)"" = Platyostoma Conrad 1842 snail
Bellerophontida - Plectonotidae	"Bellerophon quadrilobatus" = Plectonotus quadrilobatus, "Bellerophon cf. fraternus" = Plectonotus derbyi "Bellerophon quadrilobatus" = Plectonotus quadrilobatus Reed 1904 snail "Bellerophon cf. fraternus" = Plectonotus derbyi Clarke 1899 snail
Bellerophontida - Bellerophontidae	"Bellerophon cf. morganianus" = Sphaerocyclus morganianus "Bellerophon cf. morganianus" = Sphaerocyclus morganianus Hartt and Rathbun 1875 snail
Murchisoniina - Loxonematidae	Loxonema "sp. (a)" Loxonema "sp. (a)" Phillips 1841 snail
Murchisoniina - Palaeozygopleuridae	"Loxonema zwartbergense" = Pragozyga zwartbergense "Loxonema zwartbergense" = Pragozyga zwartbergense Reed 1925 snail
Murchisoniina - Gosseletinidae	""Pleurotomaria" cf. kayseri" = Lahnospira kayseri ""Pleurotomaria" cf. kayseri" = Lahnospira kayseri Ulrich 1892 snail
Bivalvia
Nuculanida - Cucullellidae	Nuculites abbreviatus, Nuculites capensis, Nuculites colonicus, Nuculites obtusus, Nuculites pacatus, Nuculites oblongatus Nuculites abbreviatus clam Nuculites capensis clam Nuculites colonicus clam Nuculites obtusus clam Nuculites pacatus clam Nuculites oblongatus Conrad 1841 clam
Nuculanida - Nuculanidae	"Nuculana" viator, "Nuculana" "sp. (b)" "Nuculana" viator pointed nut clam "Nuculana" "sp. (b)" Link 1807 pointed nut clam
Nuculanida - Malletiidae	Palaeoneilo cf. magnifica, Palaeoneilo cf. orbignyi Palaeoneilo cf. magnifica clam Palaeoneilo cf. orbignyi clam
Solemyida - Ctenodontidae	"Ctenodonta" nigelli, "Ctenodonta" "sp. (a)" "Ctenodonta" nigelli clam "Ctenodonta" "sp. (a)" Salter 1852 clam
Solemyida - Solemyidae	""Janeia" ? bokkeveldensis" = Solemya, ""Janeia" brazieliensis" = Solemya ""Janeia" ? bokkeveldensis" = Solemya Awning Clam ""Janeia" brazieliensis" = Solemya Awning Clam
Cardiidia - Sanguinolitidae	"Sanguinolites" albanus "Sanguinolites" albanus clam
Cardiidia - Grammysiidae	"Cardiomorpha" "sp. (a)", Grammysia fontinalis, ? Grammysia "sp. (c)" "Cardiomorpha" "sp. (a)" de Koninck 1844 clam Grammysia fontinalis clam ? Grammysia "sp. (c)" de Verneuil 1847 clam
Modiomorphida - Modiomorphidae	Goniophora gydoensis, Modiomorpha cf. minuta, Sphenotomorpha bodenbenderi Goniophora gydoensis clam Modiomorpha cf. minuta clam Sphenotomorpha bodenbenderi clam
Ostreida - Pterineidae	"Actinopteria" eschwegii "Actinopteria" eschwegii oyster
Cyrtodontida - Praecardiidae	"Buchiola" subpalmata "Buchiola" subpalmata clam
-	"Pelecypoda indet." = Bivalvia "Pelecypoda indet." = Bivalvia Linnaeus 1758 clam
Brachiopoda
-	Brachiopoda indet. Brachiopoda indet. Cuvier 1805
Lingulata
Lingulida - Discinidae	Orbiculoidea baini Orbiculoidea baini
Rhynchonellata
Rhynchonellida - Eatoniidae	""Rhynchonella" bodenbenderi" = Clarkeia bodenbenderi ""Rhynchonella" bodenbenderi" = Clarkeia bodenbenderi Kayser 1897
Rhynchonellida - Leptocoeliidae	Australocoelia tourteloti Australocoelia tourteloti
Spiriferida - Hysterolitidae	Australospirifer antarcticus, Australospirifer ceres Australospirifer antarcticus Australospirifer ceres
Spiriferida - Acrospiriferidae	Acrospirifer iheringi Acrospirifer iheringi
Spiriferida - Ambocoeliidae	Ambocoelia pseudoumbonata Ambocoelia pseudoumbonata
Athyridida - Anoplothecidae	"Coelospira" cf. conjungens "Coelospira" cf. conjungens
Orthida - Orthidae	"Orthis" "sp. (a)", "Orthis" "sp. (b)" "Orthis" "sp. (a)" Dalman 1828 "Orthis" "sp. (b)" Dalman 1828
Terebratulida - Centronellidae	"Rensselaeria" rotunda "Rensselaeria" rotunda
Terebratulida - Meganterididae	Pleurothyrella africana, Pleurothyrella "sp. (a)", Mutationella whitiorum, Derbyina "sp. (d)" Pleurothyrella africana Pleurothyrella "sp. (a)" Mutationella whitiorum Derbyina "sp. (d)"
Terebratulida - Cryptonellidae	Cryptonella baini, Cryptonella "sp. (a)" Cryptonella baini Cryptonella "sp. (a)"
Strophomenata
Strophomenida - Chonetidae	Chonetes "sp. (a)", Notiochonetes falklandensis, Notiochonetes hallei, Notiochonetes stubeli Chonetes "sp. (a)" Fischer de Waldheim 1830 Notiochonetes falklandensis Notiochonetes hallei Notiochonetes stubeli
Strophomenida - Eodevonariidae	? Eodevonaria arcuatus ? Eodevonaria arcuatus
Orthotetida - Pulsiidae	Schellwienella ? sancticrucis, Schellwienella sulivani Schellwienella ? sancticrucis Schellwienella sulivani
Hyolitha
Hyolithida - Hyolithidae	Hyolithes subaequalis, Hyolithes "sp. (c)", Hyolithes "sp. (e)", Hyolithes dorbignyi Hyolithes subaequalis Hyolithes "sp. (c)" d'Eichwald 1840 Hyolithes "sp. (e)" d'Eichwald 1840 Hyolithes dorbignyi Kozlowski 1923
Orthothecida - Orthothecidae	Orthotheca steinmanni, Orthotheca "sp. (a)" Orthotheca steinmanni Orthotheca "sp. (a)" Novak 1886
Lophophorata
Tentaculitida - Tentaculitidae	Tentaculites desuetes Tentaculites desuetes
Bryozoa
-	Bryozoa indet. Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831
Stenolaemata
Trepostomata -	"Trepostomata" "sp. (a)" "Trepostomata" "sp. (a)" Ulrich 1882
Cryptostomata - Fenestellidae	Fenestella "sp. (a)" Fenestella "sp. (a)" Lonsdale 1839
Trilobita
-	Trilobita indet. Trilobita indet. Walch 1771 trilobite
Proetida - Proetidae	Ormistoniella malaca Ormistoniella malaca Lake 1904 trilobite
Phacopida - Homalonotidae	Burmeisteria herscheli, Burmeisteria notica, Burmeisteria quernus Burmeisteria herscheli trilobite Burmeisteria notica trilobite Burmeisteria quernus trilobite
Phacopida - Dalmanitidae	Francovichia ? clarkei, Francovichia "sp. (a)" Francovichia ? clarkei trilobite Francovichia "sp. (a)" Branisa 1960 trilobite
Phacopida - Calmoniidae	? Phacopina hexensis, Phacopina lakei, Pennaia pupillus, Oosthuizenella ocellus, "Bainella africana" = Anchiopella, "Bainella arbuteus" = Anchiopella, "Bainella ? baini" = Anchiopella, "Bainella cristagalli" = Anchiopella, "Bainella gamkaensis" = Anchiopella, "Metacryphaeus caffer" = Metacryphaeus (Metacryphaeus) caffer, Typhloniscus baini ? Phacopina hexensis trilobite Phacopina lakei trilobite Pennaia pupillus trilobite Oosthuizenella ocellus trilobite "Bainella africana" = Anchiopella trilobite "Bainella arbuteus" = Anchiopella trilobite "Bainella ? baini" = Anchiopella trilobite "Bainella cristagalli" = Anchiopella trilobite "Bainella gamkaensis" = Anchiopella trilobite "Metacryphaeus caffer" = Metacryphaeus (Metacryphaeus) caffer Salter 1856 trilobite Typhloniscus baini trilobite
Deuteropoda
-	Ostracoda indet. Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802 ostracod
Scyphozoa
Conulariida - Conulariidae	Conularia indet., Conularia gamkaensis Conularia indet. jellyfish Conularia gamkaensis jellyfish
Anthozoa
Stauriida - Zaphrentidae	""Zaphrentis" "sp. (a)"" = Zaphrenthis ""Zaphrentis" "sp. (a)"" = Zaphrenthis Rafinesque and Clifford 1820 horn coral
Favositida - Micheliniidae	Pleurodictyum bokkeveldense, ? Pleurodictyum "sp. (a)" Pleurodictyum bokkeveldense tabulate coral ? Pleurodictyum "sp. (a)" Goldfuss 1829 tabulate coral