Kaseki-kabe (facies III), Shiramine (Cretaceous of Japan)

Also known as Kasekiheki

Where: Ishikawa, Japan (36.2° N, 136.6° E: paleocoordinates 46.5° N, 138.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), Barremian (129.4 - 125.0 Ma)

• "upper horizon" of Kuwajima Formation, uppermost part of Itoshiro Subgroup, Tetori Group. Described as "lower Neocomian", and older that "late Barremian", but authors' use of "Neocomian" seems to include some of the Gallic as well.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: mire or swamp; gray, green, blue, silty, sandy mudstone and sandstone

• "deposited in the channels of braided rivers and flood plains", specifically in a "vegetated swamp"
• "alternations of massive sandstones, fine-grained sandstones and mudstones"; facies III = "massive with occasional thin bedding. They consist of well-sorted silty mud and occasional angular very fine-grained quartz sands. The mud is normally dark greenish-grey in colour, and frequently has a blue-ish tint."

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: adpression

Collected in 1985, 1997-2009

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (in situ), mechanical,

Primary reference: M. Matsukawa and I. Obata. 1994. Dinosaurs and sedimentary environments in the Japanese Cretaceous: a contribution to dinosaur facies in Asia based on molluscan palaeontology and stratigraphy. Cretaceous Research 15(1):101-125 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 32324: authorized by Matthew Carrano, entered by Matthew Carrano on 25.06.2003, edited by Roger Benson, Jonathan Tennant and Richard Butler

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• "Theropoda sp. C" is described as a member of the (unnamed) clade Oviraptorosauria + Therizinosauroidea. Another theropod is described as "Tetanurae", but the authors do not indicate whether this is sp. A or B. Note that the authors use "sp." for most of the unidentified species, but I have replaced most with "indet." because the groups are higher taxa, not genera (i.e. "Anura indet." instead of "Anura sp.").
unclassified
  -
Carpolithes
  -
Carpolithes sp.11 Schlotheim 1820
Sphenopteridae
  - Sphenopteridae
Sphenopteris sp.11 Sternberg 1825
Neozamites
  -
Neozamites sp.11 Vakhrameev 1962
Eboracia
  -
Polypodiopsida
  - Gleicheniaceae
  -
 Cyatheales - Polypodiidae
Coniopteris sp.11 Brongniart 1849 scaly tree fern
Coniopteris burejensis11 Zalessky 1904 scaly tree fern
 Equisetales - Equisetidae
  - Polypodiaceae
Onychiopsis elongata11 Geyler 1889
  - Osmundaceae
Cycadopsida
 Cycadales -
Taeniopteris emarginata11, Taeniopteris sp.11, "Nilssonia kotoi" = Nilsonia11, "Nilssonia nipponensis" = Nilsonia11, "Nilssonia orientalis" = Nilsonia11, "Nilssonia sp." = Nilsonia11
Taeniopteris sp.11 Brongniart 1828 cycads
"Nilssonia kotoi" = Nilsonia11 cycads
"Nilssonia nipponensis" = Nilsonia11 cycads
"Nilssonia orientalis" = Nilsonia11 cycads
"Nilssonia sp." = Nilsonia11 Brongniart 1825 cycads
Ginkgoopsida
 Ginkgoales -
Ginkgoites
  -
Angiospermae
 Magnoliales - Magnoliaceae
? Magnoliaceae indet.11 de Jussieu 1789 magnolia
 Mesangiosperms - Arecaceae
? Arecaceae indet.11 von Berchtold and Presl 1820 palm
 Coniferales - Cupressaceae
? Sequoia sp.11 Endlicher 1847 coast redwood
 Coniferales - Podocarpaceae
Podozamites lanceolatus11 Lindley and Hutton 1840 podocarp
Podocarpus reinii11 podocarp
Podocarpus sp.11 L'Heritier and Persoon 1807 podocarp
 Bennettitales -
Pinopsida
 Pinales - Pinaceae
? Pinaceae indet.11 Rudolphi 1830
Hepaticae
  -
Thallites yabei11 liverwort
Gastropoda
 Cerithioidea - Pleuroceridae
Pleuroceridae indet.7 Thiele 1929 snail
 Architaenioglossa - Viviparidae
 Heterostropha - Physidae
Physidae "indet. A"11 Fitzinger 1833 snail
Physidae "indet. B"11 Fitzinger 1833 snail
 Stylommatophora -
Pupilloidea sp.11 Turton 1831 slug
Bivalvia
 Cardiida - Sphaeriidae
Sphaerium sp.11 Scopoli 1777 fingernail clam
 Unionida - Unionidae
Unio ogamigoensis11 freshwater mussel
Osteichthyes
 Halecomorphi - Sinamiidae
Sinamia sp.11 ray-finned fish
Amphibia
 Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae
Shirerpeton isajii n. gen. n. sp.9
Shirerpeton isajii n. gen. n. sp.9 Matsumoto and Evans 2018 tetrapod
SBEI 2459, 2405
Osteichthyes
 Therapsida - Tritylodontidae
Montirictus kuwajimaensis n. gen. n. sp.10
Montirictus kuwajimaensis n. gen. n. sp.10 Matsuoka et al. 2016 mammaliamorph
SBEI 029, 034-035, 039-040, 043-044, 047, 049, 051-056, 058, 062, 065-066, 073, 092-094, 110, 112, 122, 125, 127, 141, 146, 577-578
Mammalia
 Allotheria -
Multituberculata indet.11 Cope 1884 multituberculate
SBEI 581
 Multituberculata - Eobaataridae
Hakusanobaatar matsuoi n. gen. n. sp.8, Tedoribaatar reini n. gen. n. sp.8
Hakusanobaatar matsuoi n. gen. n. sp.8 Kusuhashi 2008 multituberculate
SBEI 1736, holotype dental association; SBEI 581, fragmentary left lower jaw with damaged p4; SBEI 582, damaged right upper premolar (probably P2); SBEI 1519, ?left p3; SBEI 1520, damaged left p4; SBEI 1526, fragment of right lower dentary with incisor; and SBEI 1949, tentatively assigned poorly preserved upper premolar (two ?labial cusps of probably right P5)
Tedoribaatar reini n. gen. n. sp.8 Kusuhashi 2008 multituberculate
SBEI 1570, fragment of right lower jaw with p4 (holotype)
 Eutriconodonta -
Hakusanodon archaeus n. gen. n. sp.13
Hakusanodon archaeus n. gen. n. sp.13 Rougier et al. 2007 mammal
SBEI --6, 020, 015
Reptilia
 Testudines -
Trionychoidea indet.11 Fitzinger 1826 turtle
Testudinoidea indet.11 Gray 1825 turtle
"Chelonia indet." = Testudines6 Batsch 1788 turtle
eggshells
 Squamata -
Squamata "indet. A"11 squamates
Within the Shiramine lizard collection there are several maxillae and dentaries with bicuspid teeth, notably SBEI 1501 (Li191) and 1525 (Li193), a right and left maxilla respectively (Figure 15.1–4); SBEI 197 (Li8) and 808 (Li92) (Figure 15.5–10), both left dentaries; and SBEI 1487 (Li190), a right dentary.
Squamata "indet. B"11 squamates
SBEI 827 (Li100) is a small right mandible separated into its dentary and postdentary components (Figure 16). The dentary is 4.5 mm long as preserved but is missing the symphysial region and posterior margin (estimated original total length ~5.7 mm). The postdentary complex is 4.8 mm long, giving an overall original jaw length of ~10.5 mm.
Squamata "indet. C"4 squamates
Many of the other isolated lizard maxillae and dentaries in the Shiramine collection can be attributed to Sakurasaurus, which is the most common lizard taxon at this locality. However, SBEI 1277 (Li177) is the posterior end of a deep (2.25 mm) left dentary preserved in labial view and bearing seven teeth with spaces for 4–5 others
Asagaolacerta tricuspidens n. gen. n. sp.4 Evans and Matusmoto 2015 squamates
SBEI 1566 An association of skull, jaws and postcranial bones of a small lizard with facetted tricuspid teeth; Possibly SBEI 1621, a right maxilla
 Squamata - Paramacellodidae
Paramacellodidae indet.11 Estes 1983 squamates
 Squamata -
Sakurasaurus sp.2 Evans and Manabe 1999 squamates
SBEI 199 (small block with disarticulated association of skull bones, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and hindlimb bones)
Kuroyuriella mikikoi n. gen. n. sp.4 Evans and Matusmoto 2015 squamates
SBEI 1510 (Li193), a disarticulated skull on four originally conjoined blocks; SBEI 1608 (Li223), an association on two small blocks
Kaganaias hakusanensis n. gen. n. sp.3 Evans et al. 2006 squamates
Hakuseps imberis n. gen. n. sp.4 Evans and Matusmoto 2015 squamates
SBEI 2086. An almost complete left dentary
Kuwajimalla kagaensis n. gen. n. sp.1 Evans and Manabe 2008 squamates
 Ornithischia -
Ornithischia indet.7 ornithischian
Albalophosaurus yamaguchiorum n. gen. n. sp.12 Ohashi and Barrett 2009 ceratopsian
SBEI 176, incomplete skull
 Ornithischia - Iguanodontidae
Iguanodontidae indet.5 Bonaparte 1850 iguanodontid
SBEI 164, 165, 172-175
 Theropoda -
Maniraptora indet.11 Gauthier 1986 maniraptoran
SBEI 167; Theropoda indet. C = Oviraptorosauria + Therizinosauroidea clade
 Theropoda - Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosauridae indet.7 Colbert and Russell 1969 maniraptoran
SBEI 008
Aves
 Enantiornithes -
Enantiornithes indet.11 Walker 1981 bird
SBEI 307
Reptilia
 Theropoda - Tyrannosauridae
Tyrannosauridae indet.7 Osborn 1906 tyrannosaurid
SBEI 170, 171, 156, 814, 576
 Saurischia -
Sauropoda indet.11 sauropod
SBEI 183, 160
 Pterosauria - Ornithocheiridae
Ornithocheiridae indet.11 pterosaur
SBEI 802
 Pterosauria -
? Dsungaripteroidea indet.11 Young 1964 pterosaur
SBEI 303
 Choristodera -
Choristodera indet.11 choristodere
Actinopteri
 Lepisosteiformes -
Lepidotes sp.11 Agassiz 1832 gar
 Pachycormiformes - Pachycormidae
Pachycormidae indet.11 Woodward 1895
 Teleostei -
 Osteoglossiformes - Osteoglossidae
Osteoglossidae indet.7 Bonaparte 1832 arowana