East Turkana - Area 105-KBS-FxJj1 (Pleistocene to of Kenya)

Also known as Kay Behrensmeyer Site, KBS

Where: Kenya (4.1° N, 36.3° E: paleocoordinates 4.0° N, 36.1° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: KBS Member (Koobi Fora Formation), Gelasian to Gelasian (2.6 - 0.8 Ma)

• Minimum age= 1.64+/- 0.03 Ma (Base of Okote Tuff- K/Ar and Ar/Ar dating)

•Maximum age= 1.88 Ma (KBS Tuff, K/Ar and Ar/Ar dating)

•Artifacts and fauna are stratified within the KBS tuff; stone tools of KBS industry. Australopithecus specimens from a higher level than the archaeological assemblage.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial-deltaic; poorly lithified, bioturbated, tuffaceous, volcaniclastic, gray siltstone and poorly lithified, volcaniclastic sandstone

• Prograding delta, flat, seasonally wet floodplain crossed by small channels. Ecological setting is mixture of open grasslands and swamps, bush, riparian gallery forest. Channels existed prior to tuff deposition; were choked with influx of fluvially transported tuff and then abandoned. Hominids occupied the swale formed by the abandoned and partly filled channel. Fossil leaf indicates that fig trees grew proximal to this channel.
• Fine grained, massive tuff, with some sand at the base; with paleosol features at top. Productive zone immediately overlies the sandier basal fill of the channel; i.e., the fossils and artifacts occur in the finer-grained upper channel fill.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: mold/impression, replaced with calcite

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (float), surface (in situ), mechanical, sieve,

• Archaeological protocols of G. L. Isaac were followed in excavation and surface collection.

Primary reference: G. L. Isaac. 1997. Koobi Fora Research Project Volume 5 Plio-Pleistocene Archaeology. [A. Behrensmeyer/S. Cote/S. Cote]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taphonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 32051: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Suzanne Cote on 03.06.2003, edited by Denne Reed

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Taxonomic list taken from Isaac (1997) page 406.
unclassified
  -
Vertebrata indet. Lamarck 1801
Non-identifiable
Mammalia
  -
Mammalia indet. Linnaeus 1758 mammal
at least 4 species
 Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix sp. Linnaeus 1758 porcupine
 Carnivora - Canidae
"Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas
"Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 black-backed jackal
 Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamidae indet., "Hexaprotodon karumensis" = Hippopotamus karumensis
Hippopotamidae indet. Gray 1821 hippopotamus
"Hexaprotodon karumensis" = Hippopotamus karumensis Coryndon 1977 hippo
 Artiodactyla - Giraffidae
Giraffa sp. Brisson 1762 giraffe
Giraffa jumae Leakey 1967 giraffe
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope
3 species
Aepyceros sp. Sundevall 1847 impala
Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876 antelope
2 species
Antilopini indet. Gray 1821 antelope
3 species
Reduncini indet. Knottnerus-Meyer 1907 antelope
Kobus ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833 waterbuck
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Suidae indet. Gray 1821 pig
Kolpochoerus cf. limnetes Hopwood 1926 pig
Metridiochoerus andrewsi Hopwood 1926 pig
 Proboscidea - Proboscidea
Proboscidea indet. proboscidean
Reptilia
 Crocodylia - Crocodylidae
Crocodylus sp. Laurenti 1768 crocodile
Euthecodon sp. Fortau 1920 crocodile
Cladistia
 Polypteriformes - Polypteridae
Polypterus sp. Lacépède 1803 bichir
Actinopteri
 Siluriformes - Clariidae
Clarias sp. Scopoli 1777 catfish
 Siluriformes - Mochokidae
Synodontis sp. Cuvier 1816 upside down catfish
Angiospermae
 Rosids - Moraceae
cf. Ficus indet. Linnaeus 1753 fig