Sossis (Eocene of Spain)

Where: Catalonia, Spain (42.3° N, 1.1° E: paleocoordinates 41.0° N, 2.2° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Sossís Member (Collegats Formation), Priabonian (38.0 - 33.9 Ma)

• MP17a

Environment/lithology: lacustrine; claystone and sandstone

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: M. Crusafont-Pairo and J. M. Golpe Posse. 1975. Les prosimiens de l'Eocene de la region preaxiale pyrenaique. II. Adapidae. Colloque international CNRS. Problemes actuels de paleontologie-evolution des vertebres (218)851-860 [E. Fara/E. Fara/E. Fara]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 31751: authorized by Emmanuel Fara, entered by Emmanuel Fara on 24.05.2003, edited by Albert Garcia Selles, Terri Cleary and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• incomplete
Mammalia
 Theriamorpha - Leptictidae
Leptictis sp.4 Leidy 1868 eutherian
Leptictis sp.5 Leidy 1868 eutherian
 Rodentia - Gliridae
 Rodentia - Theridomyidae
Pseudoltinomys cf. phosphoricus4 Hartenberger 1973 rodent
Paradelomys crusafonti n. sp.4 Thaler 1966 rodent
UM 1882 - type
Estellomys ibericus n. sp.4 Thaler 1966 rodent
Two right M1/2s, Sabadell Museum, holotype, UM.1918, paratype, UM.1887
Elfomys parvulus4 Hartenberger 1971 rodent
 Rodentia - Pseudosciuridae
Treposciurus mutabilis4 Schmidt-Kittler 1970 rodent
 Primates - Notharctidae
Nievesia sossisensis n. gen. n. sp.4
Nievesia sossisensis n. gen. n. sp.4 Marigó et al. 2013 primate
 Primates - Adapidae
Adapis sp.6 Cuvier 1822 primate
Adapis parisiensis Blainville 1841 primate
 Primates - Omomyidae
Microchoerus hookeri n. sp.5 Minwer-Barakat et al. 2017 tarsier
Pseudoloris parvulus6 Filhol 1890 tarsier
 Theriamorpha - Nyctitheriidae
Euronyctia montana5 Sigé 1997 placental
 Perissodactyla - Palaeotheriidae
"Anchilophus dumasi" = Metanchilophus dumasi4 Gervais 1849 odd-toed ungulate
Plagiolophus annectens4 Owen 1847 odd-toed ungulate
Palaeotherium medium4 Cuvier 1804 odd-toed ungulate
Palaeotherium crassum4 Cuvier 1805 odd-toed ungulate
Palaeotherium magnum4 Cuvier 1804 odd-toed ungulate
 Artiodactyla - Cebochoeridae
Cebochoerus helveticus3 Pictet and Humbert 1869 even-toed ungulate
IPS 5889, 5887, 5867
Acotherulum sp.3 Gervais 1850 even-toed ungulate
IPS 29660-29666
 Artiodactyla - Xiphodontidae
Dichodon cervinum6 even-toed ungulate
Haplomeryx euzetensis3 Depéret 1917 even-toed ungulate
IPS 5888, IPS 5842, IPS 14859, IPS 14860
Leptotheridium lugeoni3 Stehlin 1910 even-toed ungulate
IPS 5817
Xiphodon intermedium3 Stehlin 1910 even-toed ungulate
 Artiodactyla - Anoplotheriidae
Dacrytherium ovinum3 Owen 1857 even-toed ungulate
 Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Hyaenodon minor4 Lange-Badré 1979 creodont
 Theriamorpha -
Miacis exilis4 placental
 Cimolesta - Apatemyidae
Apatemyidae indet.4 Matthew 1909 eutherian
Apatemyidae indet.5 Matthew 1909 eutherian
Heterohyus nanus5 Teihard de Chardin 1916 eutherian
 Theriamorpha - Herpetotheriidae
Peratherium lavergnense4 Crochet 1979 marsupial
Reptilia
 Squamata - Lacertidae
? Lacertidae "amblyodont form"2 Bonaparte 1831 squamates
IPS 56169, fragment of left dentary with three preserved teeth; and, less certainly: IPS 56102, posterior left dentary fragment with two preserved teeth; ?IPS 56036, posterior left dentary fragment with two worn teeth; IPS 49913, right dentary fragment with two preserved teeth; IPS 56067, anterior portion of left maxilla with three preserved teeth; and IPS 56170, anterior portion of right maxilla with three preserved teeth.
Lacertidae indet.2 Bonaparte 1831 squamates
IPS 49855, eleven dentary fragments; IPS 56043, partial left frontal; IPS 56044, IPS 56045, ?IPS 56047, fragments of right frontal; ?IPS 56166 (Figure 4.11), partial fused frontal; IPS 59479, fragment of frontal; IPS 56046, fragment of parietal; IPS 56053, fragment of right maxilla with three preserved teeth; IPS 56055, fragment of right dentary with two broken teeth; IPS-56058, fragment of right dentary with one preserved tooth; IPS 56066, anterior region of left dentary with eight preserved teeth.
Dormaalisaurus girardoti2 Augé and Smith 2002 squamates
IPS 56056, partial right dentary with two teeth; IPS 56051, fragment of left maxilla with four teeth; IPS 56054, fragment of right dentary with three preserved teeth; IPS 56059, anterior end of maxilla with two preserved teeth; IPS 59525, dentary and maxilla fragments
Dormaalisaurus rossmanni2 Augé and Smith 2002 squamates
IPS 59524, partial left dentary with four preserved teeth; IPS 56048, partial right maxilla with six preserved teeth; IPS 56049, partial right maxilla with four preserved teeth; IPS 56060, four fragments of dentary with few preserved teeth; IPS 56089 partial right maxilla with three preserved teeth + partial left dentary with five broken teeth; IPS 56097, right dentary fragment with one tooth; IPS 56127, posterior fragment of left dentary with two preserved teeth.
Gracilicerta sindexi2 Augé 2005 squamates
IPS 56171, partial left dentary with eight preserved teeth (Figure 4.4); IPS 49854, fragment of left dentary with three preserved teeth; IPS 49856, fragment of left dentary with one preserved tooth; IPS 56050, fragment of left maxilla with two preserved teeth.
 Squamata -
Iguania indet.2 Cuvier 1817 squamates
Unidentifiable pleurodont iguanian material lacking diagnostic characters: IPS 49853, IPS 56092, IPS 56138- 56144, IPS 56230, IPS 56232, IPS 59481, IPS 59501, IPS 59506, IPS 59522, tooth-bearing bone fragments; ?IPS 56109, partial frontal; ?IPS 56091, partial parietal
Pyrenasaurus evansae1 Bolet and Auge 2014 squamates
IPS 56061, partial left dentary with two teeth; IPS 56168, fragment of right dentary with one tooth
Cordyliformes indet.2 Fitzinger 1826 squamates
IPS 49848, more than 300 body osteoderms; and less certainly IPS 56195, anterior (symphyseal region) fragment of left dentary with two preserved teeth.
 Squamata - Scincidae
? Scincidae indet.2 Gray 1825 skink
IPS 56193, ?dentary fragment with five preserved teeth; ?IPS 56052, fragment of tooth-bearing bone with one tooth.
 Squamata - Cordylidae
Pseudolacerta sp.2 De Stefano 1903 spinytail lizard
IPS 56164, partial right dentary with eight teeth (five complete); IPS 56165, fragment of dentary with two teeth; IPS 56152, anterior part of right dentary with five (broken) teeth
 Squamata -
Gekkota "Form A"2 Cuvier 1817 squamates
IPS 56176, partial right dentary with one preserved tooth; IPS 56178, partial right dentary with one preserved tooth; IPS 56065, partial right maxilla with one preserved tooth.
Gekkota "Form B"2 Cuvier 1817 squamates
IPS 56132, partial left dentary with one preserved tooth; IPS 56116, fragment of right dentary with one preserved tooth; IPS 56133, fragment of left dentary; IPS 56172, partial right dentary with three broken teeth; IPS 56182, fragment of right dentary; IPS 56183, anterior portion of right dentary with one preserved tooth; IPS 56184, fragment of right dentary with two broken teeth; IPS 56185, anterior portion of right dentary; IPS 56186, fragment of ?right dentary with two broken teeth; IPS 56187, fragment of right dentary with two broken teeth; IPS 56188, fragment of ?right dentary; IPS 56192, anterior portion of right dentary with three broken teeth; IPS 59499, fragment of dentary with one broken tooth; IPS 59511, partial dentaries and fragments of dentaries
Gekkota "Form C"2 Cuvier 1817 squamates
IPS 56117, fragment of right dentary with one preserved tooth; IPS 56173, partial right dentary with five broken teeth; IPS 56174, fragment of right dentary with two teeth; IPS 56175, anterior region of a right dentary with six broken teeth; IPS 56177, partial right dentary with one preserved tooth; IPS 56180, fragment of ?left dentary with five broken teeth; IPS 56190, anterior portion of left dentary with three broken teeth.
Gekkota indet.2 Cuvier 1817 squamates
Additional gekkotan material: IPS 59478, partial fused premaxilla ; IPS 56114, left dentary fragment with two preserved teeth; IPS 56115, left dentary fragment with two teeth; IPS 56120, fragments of dentaries; IPS 56179, fragment of right dentary with four broken teeth; IPS 56181, fragment of right dentary with four broken teeth; IPS 56189, fragment of dentary with two broken teeth; IPS 56191, fragments of dentaries; IPS 59520, fragments of dentaries.
 Squamata - Blanidae
cf. Blanidae indet.2 Kearney 2003 worm lizard
IPS 56062, partial left dentary with five broken teeth; IPS 56063, almost complete dorsal vertebra; IPS 56064, almost complete dorsal vertebra; IPS 56155, partial dorsal vertebra.
 Squamata - Iguanidae
Geiseltaliellus sp.2 Kuhn 1944 squamates
IPS 56090, partial left dentary with twelve teeth (eight complete)
Geiseltaliellus pradiguensis2 Auge 2007 squamates
IPS 56093, partial right dentary with four teeth; IPS 56094, partial right maxilla with four teeth (three complete); IPS 59521, fragment of ?dentary with five teeth; IPS 59523, five fragments of dentary with teeth
 Squamata - Anguidae
Anguinae indet.2 Gray 1825 squamates
IPS 49847a, elongated body osteoderm; IPS 49847b, thousands of elongated body osteoderms; IPS 49851a, rounded body osteoderm; IPS 49851b, more than 100 rounded body osteoderms; IPS 56082, partial dorsal vertebra; IPS 56162, two body osteoderms; IPS 56234, two partial vertebrae; IPS 56085, posterior fragment of parietal; IPS 56086, posterior fragment of a right frontal; IPS 56080, dorsal vertebra; IPS 56081, 37 partial vertebral centra, condyles showing tendency to be triangular in ventral view; IPS 56083, multiple vertebral condyles; IPS 59486, 30 body osteoderms; IPS 56159, body osteoderm; IPS 56231, three body osteoderms; IPS 59490, four fragments of vertebrae; IPS 59504, vertebra condyle; IPS 59509, three body osteoderms; IPS 59487, two vertebral condyles; and less certainly: IPS 59473, vertebral centrum; IPS 59496, four partial vertebrae; IPS 56128, tooth-bearing bone with one broken tooth; 56129, maxilla fragment with one broken tooth; IPS 56130, anterior fragment of left maxilla; IPS 56136, fragment of left dentary with one broken tooth.
Glyptosaurinae indet.2 Marsh 1872 squamates
IPS 56167, fragment of ?dentary with two preserved teeth; IPS 56149, fragment of ?maxilla with one preserved tooth; IPS 56150, fragment of maxilla with one preserved tooth.
Glyptosaurini indet.2 Sullivan 1979 squamates
IPS 49845a, hexagonal skull osteoderm; IPS 49845b, skull osteoderm with unusual shape; IPS 49845c, 25 skull osteoderms with unusual shapes; IPS 49845d, >600 hexagonal skull osteoderms; IPS 49845e skull osteoderm; 59477, seven skull osteoderms; IPS 59497, two hexagonal skull osteoderms; IPS 59468, hexagonal skull osteoderm; IPS 59485, 28 skull osteoderms; IPS 59508, two skull osteoderms; IPS 59527, 22 worn skull osteoderms. IPS 49846a, body osteoderm; IPS 49846b, >700 body osteoderms; IPS 49846c, >1300 fragments of osteoderm; IPS 49846d, rounded body osteoderm; IPS 49846e, rounded body osteoderm; IPS 49846f, 50 rounded body osteoderms; IPS 56068, skull bone fragment with two fused osteoderms; IPS 56069, skull bone fragment with one fused osteoderm; IPS 56070, skull bone fragment with two fused osteoderms; IPS 56071, skull bone fragment with one fused osteoderm; IPS 56072, skull bone with one fused osteoderm; IPS 56073, skull bone with one fused osteoderm; IPS 56075, skull bone with one fused osteoderm; IPS 59526, skull osteoderm; IPS 59528, body osteoderm.