PBDB Collection

Keurbos Farm, southeast of Clanwilliam (Ordovician of South Africa)

Where: South Africa (32.3° S, 19.0° E: paleocoordinates 29.0° S, 153.8° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Spinachitina oulebsiri other zone, Soom Shale Member (Cedarburg Formation), Hirnantian (445.2 - 443.4 Ma)

• Figure 2. Was given as Rawtheyan - Hirnantian, but Spinachitina oulebsiri chitinozoans narrow it down to Hirnantian.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marginal marine; lithified, micaceous, black shale

• Ref. 7457: "The Cedarberg Formation represents the outwash silt and mud from the retreating ice-sheet which previously deposited the Pakhuis tillites. A shallow marine shelf environment is postulated...from sedimentological evidence."

• Ref. 7459: "Black to fine-grained thinly laminated micaceous shale with thin varvites and dropstones"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Preservation: adpression, soft parts

Collection methods: Repository: Geological Survey of South Africa (GSSA)

Primary reference: J. N. Theron, R. B. Rickard, and R. J. Aldridge. 1990. Bedding plane assemblages of Promissum pulchrum, a new giant Ashgill conodont from the Table Mountain Group, South Africa. Palaeontology 33(3):577-594 [M. Foote/M. Foote/M. Foote]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 26994: authorized by Michael Foote, entered by Michael Foote on 11.11.2002, edited by Austin Hendy

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Tetrahedraletes cf. medinensis⁵, Scolecodonta indet.⁴, Siphonacis parva⁴ Tetrahedraletes cf. medinensis⁵ Scolecodonta indet.⁴ Siphonacis parva⁴
Protozoa
-	Desmochitina minor², Desmochitina spp.², Cyathochitina campanulaeformis², Cyathochitina sp.², Cyathochitina dispar², Hoegisphaera spp.², Ancyrochitina merga², Ancyrochitina sp.², Ancyrochitina ancyrea² Desmochitina minor² Desmochitina spp.² Cyathochitina campanulaeformis² Cyathochitina sp.² Cyathochitina dispar² Hoegisphaera spp.² Staplin 1961 Ancyrochitina merga² Ancyrochitina sp.² Ancyrochitina ancyrea²
Agnatha
-	Agnatha indet.⁶ Agnatha indet.⁶ Cope 1889 jawless fish
Conodonta
Prioniodontida - Balognathidae	Promissum pulchrum Promissum pulchrum Kovacs-Endrody 1986 conodont Originally described as a land plant; interpreted here as a conodont.
Gastropoda
Bellerophontida - Bucanellidae	Bucanella sp.² Bucanella sp.² Meek 1871 snail "Three incomplete specimens of a trilobed bellerophontid monoplacophoran belonging to the family Sinuitidae, and tentatively identified here as Bucanella sp."
Bivalvia
Nuculida - Praenuculidae	Concavodonta sp.² Concavodonta sp.² Babin 1972 clam
Cephalopoda
Nautiloidea -	Nautiloidea indet.⁴ Nautiloidea indet.⁴ Agassiz 1847 nautiloid orthocones
Lingulata
Lingulida - Trematidae	Trematis sp.⁴ Trematis sp.⁴ Sharpe 1848
Lingulida - Discinidae	Orbiculoidea sp.² Orbiculoidea sp.² d'Orbigny 1847
Tentaculita
Cornulitida - Cornulitidae	Cornulitidae indet.⁴ Cornulitidae indet.⁴ Fischer 1962
Trilobita
Phacopida - Dalmanitidae	Mucronaspis olini² Mucronaspis olini² Temple 1952 trilobite
Artiopoda
Nektaspidida - Naraoiidae	Soomaspis splendida n. gen. n. sp.³ Soomaspis splendida n. gen. n. sp.³
Malacostraca
Archaeostraca - Caryocarididae	Caryocaris cedarbergensis n. sp.⁶ Caryocaris cedarbergensis n. sp.⁶ Whittle et al. 2007
Deuteropoda
-	Ostracoda indet.⁴ Ostracoda indet.⁴ Latreille 1802 ostracod
Euchelicerata
Eurypterida - Onychopterellidae	Onychopterella augusti n. sp.¹ Onychopterella augusti n. sp.¹ Braddy et al. 1995 eurypterid
Chitinozoa
Prosamatifera - Conochitinidae	Conochitina oelandica², Conochitina brevis², Conochitina spp.² Conochitina oelandica² Conochitina brevis² Conochitina spp.² Eisenack 1931

¹Braddy et al. 1995; ²Cocks and Fortey 1986; ³Fortey and Theron 1995; ⁴Gabbott 1999; ⁵Gray et al. 1986; ⁶Whittle et al. 2007