Also known as ETE Locality 1180, grey marl, Lower Phase I grey breccia, Makapansgat - Mbr. 3,
Where: South Africa (24.2° S, 29.0° E: paleocoordinates 24.4° S, 28.6° E)
When: 14 Member (Makapansgat Formation), Pliocene (5.3 - 2.6 Ma)
• ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: "Fauna /paleomag data sugg age =~3.0 Ma,range=3.32 to 2.6 Ma"
Environment/lithology: cave
Collection methods: ETE Size: both; ETE reference list: 955, 954, ; ETE museum list:
Primary reference: E. K. E. Reed, J. W. Kitching, F. E. Grine, W. L. Jungers, and L. Sokoloff. 1993. Proximal femur of Australopithecus africanus from Member 4, Makapansgat, South Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 92(1):1-15 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Uhen]more details
PaleoDB collection 22356: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 23.08.1999, edited by John Damuth
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Insecta | |
| |
| |
Myriapoda | |
Scolopendra cf. morsitans centipede | |
Reptilia | |
| |
Testudo pardalis turtle
Kinixys sp. Bell 1827 hingeback tortoise | |
Pelusios sp. Wagler 1830 sideneck turtle | |
Mammalia | |
Orycteropus cf. afer Pallas 1766 aardvark | |
Hyaena makapani Toerien 1952 hyaena
Pachycrocuta brevirostris Gervais 1850 brown hyaena | |
Panthera pardus Linnaeus 1758 leopard
Dinofelis barlowi Broom 1937 cat | |
Wellsiana torticornuta, Parmularius braini, Hippotragini indet., Hippotragus cookei, Simatherium cf. kohllarseni
Wellsiana torticornuta Vrba 1987 antelope
Parmularius braini Vrba 1977 antelope
Hippotragini indet. Sundevall 1845 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Hippotragini
Hippotragus cookei Vrba 1987 antelope
Simatherium cf. kohllarseni antelope | |
Hystrix makapanensis porcupine
Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters 1852 Cape porcupine
Xenohystrix crassidens porcupine |