PBDB Collection

Middle Awash - Adu-Asa fm. (Miocene to of Ethiopia)

Also known as ETE Locality 960, Middle Awash - Adu-Asa fm.,

Where: Ethiopia (10.3° N, 40.3° E: paleocoordinates 9.9° N, 39.7° E)

When: Adu-Asa Formation (Awash Group), Tortonian to Tortonian (11.6 - 3.6 Ma)

• ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: Max age = 9.0 (ignimbrite overlying Chorora fm).Min age = 3.89 +/- .02 (AT-1 or VT-1 in Aramis mbr, Ar/Ar & Ca/K dates). radiometric intage_max, radiometric intage_min

Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrine

• ETE sed env 1: fluv_lacustr, ETE sed env 2: . ETE event: ., ETE env comment: deposition fluctuating between fluv and lucustr

• ETE rock type adj: 0, ETE lithology comments: Silts, sands, clays, tuffs, and diatomites.

Collection methods: surface (in situ)

• ETE Size: .; ETE reference list: 576, 575, 492, ; ETE museum list: ENM

Primary reference: J. E. Kalb, M. Jeager, C. J. Jolly and B. Kana. 1982. Preliminary geology and paleoecology of a Sangoan site at Andalee, Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia. Journal of Archaeological Science 9:349-363 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Uhen]more details

PaleoDB collection 22139: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 15.03.1999, edited by Denne Reed

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Mammalia
Proboscidea - Elephantidae	Stegodibelodon schneideri², "Primelephas cf. gomphotheroides" = Primelephas korotorensis, "Primelephas gomphotheroides" = Primelephas korotorensis², Mammuthus subplanifrons² Stegodibelodon schneideri² Coppens 1972 elephant "Primelephas cf. gomphotheroides" = Primelephas korotorensis Coppens 1965 elephant "Primelephas gomphotheroides" = Primelephas korotorensis² Coppens 1965 elephant Mammuthus subplanifrons² mammoth
Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae	"Deinotherium sp." = Dinotherium² "Deinotherium sp." = Dinotherium² Kaup 1829 deinothere
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Anancus indet.², Anancus cf. kenyensis² Anancus indet.² Aymard 1855 gomphothere Anancus cf. kenyensis² MacInnes 1942 gomphothere
Tubulidentata - Orycteropodidae	Orycteropus sp.² Orycteropus sp.² Geoffroy 1791 aardvark
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Equidae indet.², Hipparion sp., Eurygnathohippus sp.², Eurygnathohippus turkanense² Equidae indet.² Gray 1821 horse Hipparion sp. de Christol 1832 hipparionine horse Eurygnathohippus sp.² Van Hoepen 1930 hipparionine horse Eurygnathohippus turkanense² Hooijer and Maglio 1974 hipparionine horse
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Rhinocerotidae indet., Ceratotherium cf. praecox², cf. Brachypotherium lewisi², Diceros sp.² Rhinocerotidae indet. Gray 1821 rhinoceros Ceratotherium cf. praecox² white rhino cf. Brachypotherium lewisi² rhinoceros Diceros sp.² Gray 1821 black rhino
Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae	Hexaprotodon sp., "Hexaprotodon cf. harvardi" = Archaeopotamus harvardi² Hexaprotodon sp. Falconer and Cautley 1836 pygmy hippo ETE occurrence; species: large "Hexaprotodon cf. harvardi" = Archaeopotamus harvardi² Coryndon 1977 hippopotamus
Artiodactyla - Giraffidae	Giraffa sp.², Sivatherium sp.², Palaeotragus sp.² Giraffa sp.² Brisson 1762 giraffe Sivatherium sp.² Falconer and Cautley 1836 giraffe Palaeotragus sp.² Gaudry 1861 giraffe
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	Bovidae indet., cf. Prostrepsiceros aff. liybicus², Gazella sp.², Tragelaphus sp.², Boselaphini indet., Bovini indet.², "Simatherium aff. demissum" = Ugandax demissum², Reduncini indet., Kobus sp.², Kobus subdolus², "Kobus aff. porrecticornis" = Antilope porrecticornis², Hippotragini indet.², Madoqua sp.², Raphicerus sp.², Tragoportax sp.² Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope cf. Prostrepsiceros aff. liybicus² antelope Gazella sp.² Blaineville 1816 gazelle Tragelaphus sp.² de Blainville 1816 antelope Boselaphini indet. Knottnerus-Meyer 1997 antelope Bovini indet.² Gray 1821 antelope "Simatherium aff. demissum" = Ugandax demissum² Gentry 1980 antelope Reduncini indet. Knottnerus-Meyer 1907 antelope Kobus sp.² Smith 1840 antelope Kobus subdolus² Gentry 1980 antelope "Kobus aff. porrecticornis" = Antilope porrecticornis² Lydekker 1878 antelope Hippotragini indet.² Sundevall 1845 antelope Madoqua sp.² Ogilby 1837 dikdik Raphicerus sp.² Smith 1827 antelope originally entered as "Raphiceras sp." Tragoportax sp.² Pilgrim 1937 antelope originally entered as "Tragaportax sp."
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	"Cainochoerus cf. africanus" = Pecarichoerus africanus² "Cainochoerus cf. africanus" = Pecarichoerus africanus² Hendy 1976 peccary
Artiodactyla - Suidae	"Nyanzachoerus syrticus" = Sivachoerus syrticus², "Nyanzachoerus cf. devauxi" = Propotamochoerus devauxi², "Nyanzachoerus cf. waylandi" = Sus waylandi², Nyanzachoerus australis², Nyanzachoerus sp.² "Nyanzachoerus syrticus" = Sivachoerus syrticus² Leonardi 1954 pig "Nyanzachoerus cf. devauxi" = Propotamochoerus devauxi² Arambourg 1968 pig "Nyanzachoerus cf. waylandi" = Sus waylandi² Cooke and Coryndon 1970 pig Nyanzachoerus australis² pig Nyanzachoerus sp.² Leakey 1958 pig originally entered as "Nyanzachoerus indet."
Carnivora - Felidae	Felidae indet.², Machairodus sp.², Dinofelis sp.² Felidae indet.² Gray 1821 cat Machairodus sp.² Kaup 1833 cat Dinofelis sp.² Zdansky 1924 cat
Carnivora - Viverridae	Viverra cf. leakeyi², Genetta sp.² Viverra cf. leakeyi² Petter 1963 civet Genetta sp.² Cuvier 1816 civet
Carnivora - Hyaenidae	Hyaenictis sp.², Hyaenictitherium sp.² Hyaenictis sp.² Gaudry 1861 hyaena Hyaenictitherium sp.² Kretzoi 1938 hyaena
Carnivora - Herpestidae	Herpestes indet.², Helogale aff. kitafe² Herpestes indet.² Illliger 1811 mongoose originally entered as "Hespestes indet." Helogale aff. kitafe² dwarf mongoose
Carnivora - Ursidae	Agriotherium sp.² Agriotherium sp.² Wagner 1837 bear
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Mellivora aff. benfieldi², Plesiogulo aff. monspessulanus², Lutrinae indet.², Enhydriodon sp.² Mellivora aff. benfieldi² Hendy 1978 ratel Plesiogulo aff. monspessulanus² Viret 1939 mustelid carnivore Lutrinae indet.² Baird 1857 otter Enhydriodon sp.² Falconer 1868 otter
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Leporidae sp.², Lepus sp.² Leporidae sp.² Fischer de Waldheim 1817 rabbit Lepus sp.² Linnaeus 1758 hare
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Paraxerus sp.² Paraxerus sp.² Forsyth Major 1893 African Bush Squirrel
Rodentia - Thryonomyidae	Thryonomys sp.² Thryonomys sp.² Fitzinger 1867 cane rat
Rodentia - Hystricidae	Hystrix sp.², Atherurus indet.², Xenohystrix indet.² Hystrix sp.² Linnaeus 1758 porcupine Atherurus indet.² Cuvier 1829 brush-tailed porcupine Xenohystrix indet.² Greenwood 1955 porcupine
Rodentia - Muridae	Gerbillinae sp.², cf. Lemniscomys indet.² Gerbillinae sp.² Gray 1825 gerbil cf. Lemniscomys indet.² Trouessart 1881 striped grass mouse
Rodentia - Spalacidae	Tachyoryctes sp.² Tachyoryctes sp.² Rüppell 1835 mouse
Primates - Hominidae	Ardipithecus kadabba¹ Ardipithecus kadabba¹ Haile-Selassie et al. 2004 ape
Primates - Cercopithecidae	Macaca sp.², Parapapio cf. lothagamensis², Colobinae indet.² Macaca sp.² Lacépède 1799 macaque Parapapio cf. lothagamensis² Leakey et al. 2003 monkey Colobinae indet.² Blyth 1875 monkey

¹Haile-Selassie 2001; ²HaileSelassie et al. 2004