Rak Division (Miocene of the United States)

Also known as Third Division

Where: San Bernardino County, California (34.8° N, 117.0° W: paleocoordinates 34.1° N, 112.3° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

When: lower Middle Member (Barstow Formation), Barstovian (16.3 - 12.5 Ma)

Environment/lithology: terrestrial

Primary reference: M. O. Woodburne, R. H. Tedford, and C. C. Swisher, III. 1990. Lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the Barstow Formation, Mojave Desert, southern California. Geological Society America Bulletin 102(4):459-477 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

PaleoDB collection 19510: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by Jonathan Marcot

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• above Rak Tuff (KA 16.3 +/- 0.3 Ma), below Oreodont Tuff (Ar-Ar 15.8 +/- 0.09 Ma)
see also Coon Canyon (UALP 9009), Ledge 3, Unknown Quarry, Waterfall Canyon
"unnamed fauna" from middle of middle mbr. of Kelly and Lander 1988 appears to include Steepside Quarry in the Green Hills fauna
Mammalia
 Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Cynelos cf. sinapius1 Matthew 1902 bear-dog
 Carnivora - Canidae
Protomarctus optatus5 Matthew 1924 bone-crushing dog
Rak Division; Third Division; possibly includes "Tomarctus cf. rurestris"
Leptocyon leidyi4 Tedford et al. 2009 canine
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Acritohippus cf. isonesus1 Cope 1889 horse
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Aphelops megalodus3 Cope 1873 rhinoceros
 Artiodactyla - Camelidae
Paramiolabis cf. tenuis1 Matthew 1924 camel
Paramiolabis minutus n. sp.2 Pagnac 2005 camel
Paramiolabis cf. singularis1 Matthew 1918 camel
Protolabis sp. Cope 1876 camel
Michenia mudhillsensis2 Pagnac 2005 camel
Aepycamelus sp. Macdonald 1956 camel
 Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae
Merycodus cf. joraki1 Frick 1937 pronghorn