Grotta dei Fiori, section C (Pleistocene to of Italy)

Where: Italy (39.2° N, 8.5° E: paleocoordinates 39.2° N, 7.9° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Early/Lower Pleistocene to Early/Lower Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.1 Ma)

• "The fossil remains reported here come from layer C14, on top of the SC section and just below a flowstone radiometrically (U-Th) dated to >0.5 Ma (Melis et al., 2013; Palombo and Rozzi, 2014)... ?late Early Pleistocene and/or Early Middle Pleistocene." (Madurell-Malapeira et al. 2015)

•Section is five meters thick, composed of 14 levels. Birds collected in levels C9 and C14, and C. malatestai collected at C14, but detailed provenance not given.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fissure fill; siliciclastic sediments

• The cavity opens in the Cambrian sediments of the Santa Barbara and San Giovanni Formations (Pillola, 1990) constituted by metamorphic limestone and metamorphic dolomite. The cavity shows a dendritic development on different levels; the total surface of the Grotta dei Fiori is now estimated in more than 800 square metres, even if it has been supposed wider since some ducts are closed by alluvial and chemical deposits (Villani, 2001). The evolution of the cavity has been characterised by different filling episodes, the first one probably dated to the Permo-Triassic interval, even if the most abundant sediments preserved in the various cavities of the Grotta dei Fiori are Pleistocene in age.
• Alternation of loose clay and sandy-clay levels

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: Repository: Museo Civico di Paleontologia e Speleologia "E.A. Martel" of Carbonaria

Primary reference: M. Pavia and C. Bedetti. 2003. The late Pleistocene fossil avian remains from Grotta dei Fiori, Carbonia (SW Sardinia, Italy). Bolletino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 42:163-169 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 194929: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Matthew Clapham on 07.07.2018, edited by Bethany Allen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Aves
 Columbiformes - Columbidae
Columba livia Gmelin 1789 rock pigeon
 Passeriformes - Turdidae
Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 1758 mistle thrush
 Passeriformes - Emberizidae
Emberiza sp. Linnaeus 1758 old world bunting
Emberiza cirrus/schoeniclus
 Passeriformes - Corvidae
Corvus sp. Linnaeus 1758 crow
C. corone/frugilegus
Corvus corax Linnaeus 1758 common raven
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Linnaeus 1758 red-billed chough
Pyrrhocorax graculus Linnaeus 1766 yellow-billed chough
 Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae
Ciconia nigra Linnaeus 1758 black stork
 Accipitriformes - Accipitridae
Aquila sp. Linnaeus 1758 eagle
Gypaetus barbatus Linnaeus 1758 bearded vulture
Mammalia
 Carnivora - Canidae
Cynotherium malatestai n. sp. Madurell-Malapeira et al. 2015 canid
MPUR/V4200a (holotype), right hemimandible with c1 and p2‒m2