Horse and Mastodon Quarry (Miocene of the United States)

Where: Weld County, Colorado (40.8° N, 104.2° W: paleocoordinates 41.4° N, 101.0° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Pawnee Creek Formation, Barstovian (16.3 - 12.5 Ma)

• upper part of formation sensu stricto, and there is a "radioisotopic" (Ar-Ar?) date of 14.4 Ma for an ash in the middle level of the formation: Woodburne 1996a

•this date apparently is an average of the dates of 14.5 +/- 0.09 and 14.3 +/- 0.02 Ma (Ar/Ar) given by Dold and Prothero 2003 for the "middle part of the section"

Environment/lithology: terrestrial

Primary reference: R. H. Tedford, T. Galusha, M. F. Skinner, B. E. Taylor, R. W. Fields, J. R. Macdonald, J. M. Rensberger, S. D. Webb, and D. P. Whistler. 1987. Faunal succession and biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian interval (late Oligocene through earliest Pliocene epochs) in North America. In M. O. Woodburne (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Geochronology and Biostratigraphy 153-210 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/P. Wagner]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 18203: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 05.08.1992, edited by Jonathan Marcot

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• possibly relevant: "Dyseohyus stirtoni" Woodburne 1969: type, "2 miles northwest of Mastodon Quarry... 8 miles east and 4 miles south of Grover, Weld County"

•"Barbouromeryx (Bouromeryx) pawniensis" Frick 1937: type, "two miles W. of Mastodon Quarry"; also from "Section 8"

Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Mammutidae
Zygolophodon sp.1 Vacek 1877 mastodon
 Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Gomphotheriidae indet. Hay 1922 gomphothere
may include type of "Rhynchotherium rectidens" of Osborn 1923 from "near Pawnee Buttes, Middle Miocene of Colorado"
 Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Amphicyon ingens4 Matthew 1924 bear-dog
also at West Quarry
 Carnivora - Canidae
Tomarctus brevirostris8 Cope 1873 bone-crushing dog
Cedar Creek; Horse Quarry; probably includes "Aelurodon sp."
Aelurodon asthenostylus8 Wang et al. 1999 bone-crushing dog
Horse Quarry
Carpocyon compressus8 Cope 1890 bone-crushing dog
Horse Quarry
Microtomarctus conferta8 Matthew 1918 bone-crushing dog
Horse Quarry; also at "Martin Canyon... Cedar Creek, horizon E" (said to be the same age and in the same county)
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Megahippus sp.7, "Protohippus sejunctus" = Merychippus sejunctus3, "Merychippus sphenodus" = Cormohipparion sphenodus9, Pliohippus mirabilis3
Megahippus sp.7 McGrew 1938 anchitheriine horse
"Protohippus sejunctus" = Merychippus sejunctus3 Cope 1874 horse
"Merychippus sphenodus" = Cormohipparion sphenodus9 Cope 1889 hipparionine horse
sensu stricto; additional material is from Dark Cap Quarry = West Quarry, in unit just below H & M Quarry
Pliohippus mirabilis3 Leidy 1858 horse
pers. commun. 1989
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Teleoceras medicornutum6 Osborn 1904 rhinoceros
confirmed by Mead 1999b; "T. sp."
Aphelops megalodus5 Cope 1873 rhinoceros
 Artiodactyla - Merycoidodontidae
"Merychyus cf. medius" = Ustatochoerus medius1
"Merychyus cf. medius" = Ustatochoerus medius1 Leidy 1858 oreodont
 Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae
Paracosoryx sp. Frick 1937 pronghorn
"Submeryceros minor" = Merycodus minor2 Frick 1937 pronghorn
Merycodus warreni2 Leidy 1858 pronghorn
 Artiodactyla - Palaeomerycidae
"Dromomeryx pawniensis n. sp." = Dromomeryx borealis2
"Dromomeryx pawniensis n. sp." = Dromomeryx borealis2 Cope 1877 ruminant
Horse Quarry; Mastodon Quarry; "east of camp"; "Section 8"; "Lower Mastodon Quarry"; also postcrania from "6 miles N.E. of Pawnee Buttes"