Oreodon Layer (1892 AMNH Collection) (Oligocene of the United States)

Where: Pennington and Scenic County, South Dakota (43.9° N, 102.5° W: paleocoordinates 45.0° N, 94.3° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: lower Scenic Member (Brule Formation), Orellan (33.9 - 33.3 Ma)

Environment/lithology: terrestrial

Reposited in the AMNH

Primary reference: H. F. Osborn and J. L. Wortman. 1894. Fossil mammals of the Lower Miocene White River beds. Collection of 1892. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 6(7):199-228 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Carrano]more details

PaleoDB collection 17153: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.10.1995

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• based on Osborn 1937, this is mostly from Indian Creek, Corral Draw, and Quinn Draw
Mammalia
 Rodentia - Ischyromyidae
Ischyromys sp. Leidy 1856 rodent
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Palaeolagus haydeni Leidy 1856 rabbit
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
"Aceratherium mite" = Subhyracodon mitis, "Aceratherium occidentale" = Subhyracodon occidentalis
"Aceratherium mite" = Subhyracodon mitis Cope 1875 rhinoceros
"Aceratherium occidentale" = Subhyracodon occidentalis Leidy 1850 rhinoceros
 Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae
Hyracodon sp. Leidy 1856 odd-toed ungulate
 Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
"Colodon luxatus" = Colodon occidentalis, Protapirus simplex n. sp.3
"Colodon luxatus" = Colodon occidentalis Leidy 1868 tapir
occidentalis is listed instead by Osborn and Wortman 1895 without comment, presumably indicating agreement with Wortman and Earle 1893
Protapirus simplex n. sp.3 Wortman and Earle 1893 tapir
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Mesohippus bairdi Leidy 1850 anchitheriine horse
 Artiodactyla - Camelidae
Poebrotherium wilsoni Leidy 1847 camel
 Artiodactyla - Entelodontidae
"Elotherium mortoni" = Archaeotherium mortoni
"Elotherium mortoni" = Archaeotherium mortoni Leidy 1850 even-toed ungulate
may include "Elotherium imperator"
 Artiodactyla - Anthracotheriidae
"Anthracotherium occidentale" = Heptacodon occidentale, "Hyopotamus americanus" = Aepinacodon americanus
"Anthracotherium occidentale" = Heptacodon occidentale Osborn and Wortman 1894 anthracothere
"Hyopotamus americanus" = Aepinacodon americanus Leidy 1856 anthracothere
 Artiodactyla - Hypertragulidae
Hypertragulus calcaratus1 Cope 1873 ruminant
1892 collection from "Lower Oreodon Beds, Cheyenne River"
 Artiodactyla - Leptomerycidae
Leptomeryx evansi Leidy 1853 ruminant
see also Frick 1937
 Artiodactyla - Merycoidodontidae
"Oreodon culbertsoni" = Merycoidodon culbertsonii Leidy 1848 oreodont
confirmed by Schultz and Falkenbach 1968, who assign some material to "M. cuilbertsoni osborni"
Miniochoerus affinis2 Leidy 1869 oreodont
figured specimen of "Oreodon gracile"; no evidence that M. gracilis is present in this collection
 Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Hyaenodon crucians Leidy 1853 creodont
includes type of "H. paucidens"
Hyaenodon horridus Leidy 1853 creodont
includes "H. cruentus"
 Carnivora - Nimravidae
Hoplophoneus occidentalis Leidy 1866 false sabre-tooth
Hoplophoneus primaevus Leidy and Owen 1851 false sabre-tooth
 Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Daphoenus sp. Leidy 1853 bear-dog