Virca (Pleistocene of Italy)

Where: Italy (39.0° N, 17.1° E: paleocoordinates 38.9° N, 17.1° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Gelasian (2.6 - 1.8 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From unknown lithostratigraphic unit. AGE: Gelasian. See Landini and Menesini (1978) and Pasini and Colalongo (1994) for more details. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: picking above the sapropel “a” and sapropel “c”, two bulk samples (30 dm3) at 0.5 m under and at 1.5 m above the sapropel “d”.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: deep-water; lithology not reported

• ENVIRONMENT: Deep bathyal (above 500 m).
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Not stated in text. LITHIFICATION: Unknown.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: bulk, sieve,

• COLLECTOR: Review of previously published collections. REPOSITORY: Unknown.

Primary reference: A. Girone, D. Nolf, and H. Cappetta. 2006. Pleistocene fish otoliths from the Mediterranean Basin: a synthesis. Geobios 39:651-671 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 159096: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 26.07.2014

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for fish. NOMENCLATURE: Not a authoritative publication, but with modern nomenclature and species-resolution identifications.
Actinopteri
 Stomiatiformes - Sternoptychidae
Maurolicus muelleri Gmelin 1789 Mueller's pearlside
Argyropelecus sp. Cocco 1829
 Gadiformes - Merlucciidae
 Gadiformes - Gadidae
Micromesistius poutassou Risso 1827 blue whiting
Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot 1850 silvery pout
 Gadiformes - Lotidae
 Gadiformes - Macrouridae
Nezumia sclerorynchus Valenciennes 1838 grenadiers
Coelorinchus stellaris Nolf and Girone 2000 grenadiers
 Beryciformes - Trachichthyidae
Hoplostethus sp. Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829
 Beryciformes - Melamphaidae
 Acanthomorphata - Acropomatidae
 Acanthomorphata - Epigonidae
 Myctophiformes - Myctophidae
Diaphus taaningi Norma 1930 slopewater lanternfish
Diaphus rafinesqui Cocco 1838 lanternfish
Diaphus aff. splendidus Prochazka 1893 horned lanternfish
Lampanyctus crocodilus Risso 1810 lanternfish
Lobianchia gemellari Cocco 1838 lanternfish
Notoscopelus elongatus Costa 1844 lanternfish
Hygophum benoiti Cocco 1838 Benoit's lanternfish
Hygophum hygomi Lütken 1892 Bermuda lantern fish
Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque 1810 spotted lanternfish
Ceratoscopelus maderensis Lowe 1839 Madeira lantern fish
Electrona rissoi Cocco 1829 lanternfish
Benthosema glaciale Reinhardt 1837 glacier lantern fish
 Anguilliformes - Congridae
Rhynchoconger pantanelli Bassoli 1906 conger eel
 Life -
"Gadiculus labiatus" = Otolithus labiatus
"Gadiculus labiatus" = Otolithus labiatus Schubert 1905