CTA-27 (Eocene to of Peru)

Also known as CTA 27; Contamana

Where: Loreto, Peru (7.3° S, 74.9° W: paleocoordinates 9.5° S, 68.2° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Gran Barranca Member (Pozo Formation), Priabonian to Priabonian (38.0 - 28.1 Ma)

• Campbell et al. (2021). The first appearance datum for Caviomorpha in South America is purported to be the CTA-27 site in the Contamana region of Perú, which is hypothesized to be ∼41 Ma (Middle Eocene) in age. However, the presence of the same caviomorph species and/or genera at both CTA-27 and at Santa Rosa is now difficult to reconcile with a >11-My age difference. To further test the Middle Eocene age estimate for CTA-27, we ran multiple Bayesian tip-dating analyses of Caviomorpha, treating the ages of all Paleogene species from Perú as unknown. These analyses produced mean age estimates for Santa Rosa that closely approximate the maximum 29.6 ± 0.08 Ma composite date provided by detrital zircons, but predict that CTA-27 is much younger than currently thought (∼30 Ma). We conclude that the ∼41 Ma age proposed for CTA-27 is incorrect, and that there are currently no compelling Eocene records of either rodents or primates in the known fossil record of South America.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; lithified, muddy claystone

• 30-cm-thick lens of light-grey clay with irregular limestone concretions at the top of the Yahuarango Formation

Size classes: mesofossils, microfossils

Preservation: original phosphate

Collection methods: Museum repository: Museum of Natural Hisotory in Lima, Peru

Primary reference: P. O. Antoine, L. Marivaux, D. A. Croft, G. Billet, M. Ganerod, C. Jaramillo, T. Martin, M. Orliac, J. Tejada, A. J. Altamirano, F. Duranthon, G. Fanjat, S. Rousse and R. Salas-Gismondi. 2011. Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography. Proceedings of The Royal Society B 279:1319-1326 [C. Jaramillo/A. Cardenas ]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 144474: authorized by Carlos Jaramillo, entered by Andrés Cárdenas on 08.05.2013, edited by Jelle Zijlstra, Mark Uhen and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Echimonoletes
  -
Echimonoletes sp. der Hammen
Equisetopsida
 Pinidae - Pinidae
 Cupressales - Pinidae
Retibrevitricolporites
  -
Retistephanocolpites
  -
Retistephanocolpites muriperforatus
as Retistephanocolpites "muriperforatus"
Retistephanocolpites sp. Leidelmeyer 1966
Psilamonocolpites
  -
Psilamonocolpites sp. Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
 Anthophyta -
Loranthacites pelusoides
as Loranthacites "pelusoides"
Foveotricolpites
  -
Retitrescolpites
  -
Retitrescolpites magnus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Foveomonocolpites
  -
Foveomonocolpites sp. Wijmstra 1971
Psilatricolpites
  -
Psilatricolpites oblatus
as Psilatricolpites "oblatus"
Psilatricolpites plicatus
as Psilatricolpites "plicatus"
Psilatricolpites polaris
as Psilatricolpites "polaris"
Psilatricolpites sp. Van der Hammen and Wijmstra 1964
Psilastephanocolpites
  -
Psilastephanocolpites longicolpus
as Psilastephanocolpites "longicolpus"
Scabratriporites
  -
Scabratriporites verticilatus
as Scabratriporites "verticilatus"
Psilastephanoporites
  -
Psilastephanoporites exinatus
as Psilastephanoporites "exinatus"
Psilastephanoporites sp. Regali et al. 1974
Retipollenites
  -
Retipollenites sp. González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites
  -
Retitricolpites equatocolumellatus
as Retitricolpites "equatocolumellatus"
Retitricolpites sp. Van der Hammen 1956
Retitricolpites simplex González-Guzmán 1967
Scabratriletes
  -
Scabratriletes sp. Van der Hammen
Lycopodiopsida
 Lycopodiales -
Retitriletes sp. Pierce 1961 clubmoss
Striatricolpites
  -
Striatricolpites pseudoreticulatus
as Striatricolpites "pseudoreticulatus"
Striatricolpites transversalis
as Striatricolpites "transversalis"
Striatriletes
  -
Striatriletes radiatus
as Striatriletes "radiatus"
Scabratricolporites
  -
Scabratricolpites sp. Van der Hammen 1956
Monocolpites
  -
Monocolpites sp. Van der Hammen 1954
Psilatriporites
  -
Psilatriporites sp. Van der Hammen
Lycopsida
  -
Foveotriletes sp. Van der Hammen and Potonié 1956
Pteridopsida
  -
? Polypodiaceoisporites fossulatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Echinatisporis sp. Krutzsch 1959
Polypodiopsida
 Polypodiales - Polypodiidae
Polypodiisporites sp. Potonié 1931
  - Polypodiaceae
Laevigatosporites sp. Ibrahim 1933
Trichotomosulcites biconicus
as Trichotomosulcites "biconicus"
Psilatriletes
  -
Psilatriletes sp. Potonié 1956
Angiospermae
  -
 Malvales - Bombacaceae
 Malvales -
Echiperiporites sp. Anzotegui and Cuadrado 1996
Echiperiporites cf. estelae Germeraad et al. 1968
Echiperiporites estelae Germeraad et al. 1968
 Malpighiales - Malpighiaceae
Perisyncolporites pokornyi Germeraad et al. 1968
 Fabales - Fabaceae
Margocolporites vanwijhei Germeraad et al. 1968 legume
Polyadopollenites sp. Pflug and Thomson 1953 legume
Spirosyncolpites spiralis González-Guzmán 1967 legume
Dicotyledoneae
  -
Stephanocolpites sp. Van der Hammen 1954
 Myrtales - Onagraceae
Corsinipollenites psilatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 willowherb
Angiospermae
  -
 Gunnerales -
Tricolpites crassoexinatus
as Tricolpites "crassoexinatus"
 Solanales - Convolvulaceae
Perfotricolpites digitatus González-Guzmán 1967 bindweed
 Gentianales - Apocynaceae
Cricotriporites macroporus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 dogbane
 Mesangiosperms - Araceae
 Coniferales - Podocarpaceae
Podocarpidites sp. Cookson 1947 podocarp
Magnoliopsida
  -
Gemmamonocolpites sp. Van der Hammen and Garcia 1966
Striatricolporites porolalongatus
as Striatricolporites "porolalongatus"
Striatricolporites reticulatus
as Striatricolporites "reticulatus"
Striatricolporites sp. Leidelmeyer 1966
Striatricolporites digitatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Psilatricolporites pseudomarginatus
as Psilatricolporites "pseudomarginatus"
Rhoipites prolatus
as Rhoipites "prolatus"
Retitricolporites colpotransversalis
as Retitricolporites "colpotransversalis"
Retitricolporites porolalongatus
as Retitricolporites "porolalongatus"
Retitricolporites pseudorhoipites
as Retitricolporites "pseudorhoipites"
Retitricolporites sp. Van der Hammen and Wymstra 1964
Foveotricolporites porololongatus
as Foveotricolporites "porololongatus"
Striatopollis sp. Krutzsch 1959
Striatopollis catatumbus Gonzalez-Guzman 1967
Gastropoda
  -
Gastropoda indet.2 Cuvier 1795 snail
planispiraled inner cast
 Cerithioidea - Pachychilidae
Pachychilidae indet.2 Troschel 1857 snail
inner cast
Bivalvia
 Unionida - Hyriidae
? Hyriidae indet.2 Swainson 1840 clam
shell prints
Malacostraca
 Decapoda - Trichodactylidae
Trichodactylidae indet.2 Milne-Edwards 1853 crab
Ostracoda
 Podocopida - Cytherideidae
 Podocopida - Ilyocyprididae
Chondrichthyes
 Myliobatiformes - Potamotrygonidae
Potamotrygon ucayalensis n. sp.1 Adnet et al. 2014 stingray
Amphibia
 Salientia -
Anura indet.2 frog
"leptodactyloid" postcrania
 Salientia - Pipidae
Pipidae indet.2 Gray 1825 clawed frog
postcrania
Mammalia
 Allotheria - Sudamericidae
? Sudamericidae indet.2 Scillato-Yané and Pascual 1984 mammal
"probable sudamericid", two fragmentary teeth
 Rodentia -
Cachiyacuy contamanensis n. gen. n. sp. Antoine et al. 2011 caviomorph
MUSM 1871 - holotype
Cachiyacuy kummeli n. sp. Antoine et al. 2011 caviomorph
MUSM 1882 - type
Eobranisamys javierpradoi n. sp.3 Boivin et al. 2017 caviomorph
Chachapoyamys cf. kathetos4 Boivin et al. 2021 caviomorph
Canaanimys maquiensis n. gen. n. sp. Antoine et al. 2011 caviomorph
MUSM 1890 - holotype
cf. Eoespina sp. Frailey and Campbell 2004 caviomorph
MUSM 1912, 1913 and 2802
 Chiroptera - Molossidae
Molossidae indet.2 Gervais 1856 free-tailed bat
lower teeth
 Chiroptera - Phyllostomidae
"Phyllostomatidae indet." = Phyllostomidae2
"Phyllostomatidae indet." = Phyllostomidae2 Gray 1825 leaf-nosed bat
fragmentary lower tooth
 Chiroptera -
Microchiroptera indet.2 Dobson 1875 bat
fragmentary lower tooth
 Placentalia -
Litopterna indet.2 placental
"fragmentary tooth"
 Cingulata -
Cingulata indet.2 Illiger 1811 edentate
keeled scute
 Cingulata - Dasypodidae
"Stegosimpsonia cf. chubutana" = Pseudostegotherium chubutanum2
"Stegosimpsonia cf. chubutana" = Pseudostegotherium chubutanum2 Ameghino 1902 armadillo
one perforated scute
 Theriamorpha -
cf. Griphodon sp.2 Anthony 1924 placental
small-sized tooth fragments
 Notoungulata -
Toxodontia indet.2 Ameghino 1887 notoungulate
incisors
 Notoungulata - Archaeohyracidae
Archaeohyracidae indet.2 Ameghino 1897 notoungulate
"Eohyrax/Pseudhyrax/Punahyrax", several teeth
 Notoungulata - Interatheriidae
Interatheriidae indet.2 Ameghino 1887 notoungulate
several teeth
Interatheriinae indet.2 Simpson 1945 notoungulate
Antepithecus/Notopithecus/Transpithecus
 Astrapotheria - Trigonostylopidae
? Trigonostylops sp.2 Ameghino 1897 placental
left p3
 Marsupialia -
Didelphimorphia "indet. 2"2 Gill 1872 marsupial
Didelphimorphia "indet. 3"2 Gill 1872 marsupial
 Theriamorpha - Herpetotheriidae
Rumiodon sp.2 Goin and Candela 2004 marsupial
 Paucituberculata - Palaeothentidae
Sasawatsu sp.2 Goin and Candela 2004 marsupial
 Paucituberculata - Caenolestidae
cf. Perulestes "sp. 1"2 Goin and Candela 2004 marsupial
small
cf. Perulestes "sp. 2"2 Goin and Candela 2004 marsupial
large
 Sparassodonta - Borhyaenidae
Borhyaenidae indet.2 metatherian
"very small"
 Polydolopimorphia -
Wamradolops sp.2 Goin and Candela 2004 metatherian
Reptilia
 Testudines - Chelidae
? Chelidae indet.2 Gray 1825 sideneck turtle
 Testudines -
"Chelonia indet." = Testudines2
"Chelonia indet." = Testudines2 Batsch 1788 turtle
 Squamata -
Anilioidea indet.2 snake
vertebra
Booidea indet.2 Gray 1825 snake
vertebra
? Platynota indet.2 Baur 1890 squamates
vertebra
 Loricata - Sebecidae
cf. Sebecus sp.2 Stirton 1953 crocodilian
many teeth and fragments
 Crocodylia -
Gavialoidea indet.2 crocodilian
several teeth and fragments
 Crocodylia - Alligatoridae
Caimaninae indet.2 Brochu 1999 crocodilian
teeth & fragments
 Crocodylia -
? Balanerodus sp.2 Langston 1965 crocodilian
tooth fragments
Gnathostomata
  -
Actinopterygii indet.2 ray-finned fish
Actinopteri
 Teleostei -
 Characiformes - Anostomidae
cf. Leporinus sp.2 Lundberg 1997
teeth
unclassified
  -
Fungi indet. Jahn and Jahn 1959
 Melanconiales - Dematiaceae
Dinophyceae
 Gonyaulacales - Gonyaulacaceae
Tetracolporopollenites
  -
Tetracolporopollenites perforatus
as Tetracolporopollenites "perforatus"
Psilaperiporites
  -
Psilaperiporites diminutus
as Psilaperiporites "diminutus"
Psilaperiporites intensus
as Psilaperiporites "intensus"