Bushy Tailed Blowout (Cretaceous of the United States)

Also known as UCMP V-5711 (BTB locality)

Where: Niobrara County, Wyoming (43.2° N, 104.6° W: paleocoordinates 49.6° N, 79.4° W)

• coordinate based on unpublished field data

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Lance Formation, Lancian (70.6 - 66.0 Ma)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; lithified, sandy shale

• "a sandy shale"

Size class: mesofossils

Collected by W. A. Clemens in 1985; reposited in the UCMP

Primary reference: W. A. Clemens. 1964. Fossil mammals of the type Lance Formation, Wyoming. Part I. Introduction and Marsupialia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 48:1-105 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 14519: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 26.07.1994, edited by Matthew Carrano, Roger Benson, Mark Bell, Grace Varnham and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Bivalvia
 Cardiida - Corbiculidae
? Corbiculidae indet.8 Gray 1847 clam
 Unionida - Unionidae
Unionidae indet.8 Rafinesque 1820 freshwater mussel
Gastropoda
 Heterostropha - Physidae
cf. Physa sp.8 Draparnaud 1801 snail
 Architaenioglossa - Viviparidae
cf. Viviparus sp.8 Montfort 1810 snail
cf. Lioplacodes sp.8 Meek and Hayden 1864 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Hydrobiidae
Reesidella sp.8 Yen 1952 snail
Osteichthyes
 Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae
Acipenser eruciferus8 Cope 1876 sturgeon
UCMP unnumbered
Reptilia
 Ornithischia - Ceratopsidae
Ceratopsidae indet.3 Marsh 1888 ceratopsid
 Ornithischia - Hadrosauridae
Hadrosauridae indet.3 Cope 1869 hadrosaurid
 Ornithischia -
Thescelosaurus sp.3 Gilmore 1913 ornithopod
 Theropoda -
Theropoda indet.3 theropod
UCM 39503
? Theropoda indet.8 theropod
"straight-sided teeth"
Paronychodon lacustris8 Cope 1876 maniraptoran
 Theropoda - Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosauridae indet.3 Colbert and Russell 1969 maniraptoran
UCM 39502; AMNH uncat. (n. gen. n. sp.)
Richardoestesia sp.20 Currie et al. 1990 maniraptoran
Dromaeosaurinae sp.20 Matthew and Brown 1922 maniraptoran
 Theropoda - Troodontidae
"Saurornithoides inequalis" = Stenonychosaurus inequalis3, Pectinodon bakkeri n. gen. n. sp.3
"Saurornithoides inequalis" = Stenonychosaurus inequalis3 Sternberg 1932 maniraptoran
UCM 41666, 43218
Pectinodon bakkeri n. gen. n. sp.3 Carpenter 1982 maniraptoran
UCM 38445-38446; AMNH 27117-8, 21874
Aves
 Neornithes -
Neornithes "indet. sp. 6"19 bird
AMNH 25221
 Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae "indet. sp. 2"19 Reichenbach 1850 cormorant
AMNH 25272
 Anseriformes - Presbyornithidae
Presbyornithidae "indet. sp. 4"19 Wetmore 1926 waterfowl
AMNH 22603
Presbyornithidae "indet. sp. 3"19 Wetmore 1926 waterfowl
AMNH 21929
Presbyornithidae "indet. sp. 2"19 Wetmore 1926 waterfowl
AMNH 22602
 Neornithes -
Lonchodytes pterygius7 Brodkorb 1963 bird
 Charadriiformes -
Charadriiformes "indet. sp. 1"19 Huxley 1867 shorebird
AMNH 13011
Graculavus augustus n. sp.18 Hope 1999 shorebird
AMNH 25223
 Charadriiformes - Cimolopterygidae
"Cimolopteryx petra n. sp." = Lamarqueavis petra19, Cimolopteryx maxima n. sp.2
"Cimolopteryx petra n. sp." = Lamarqueavis petra19 Hope 2002 shorebird
AMNH 21911
Cimolopteryx maxima n. sp.2 Brodkorb 1963 shorebird
UCMP 53973, 53957
Reptilia
 Theropoda - Tyrannosauridae
Aublysodon mirandus3 Leidy 1868 tyrannosaurid
 Pterosauria -
 Loricata -
"Leidyosuchus sternbergi" = Borealosuchus sternbergii8
"Leidyosuchus sternbergi" = Borealosuchus sternbergii8 Gilmore 1910 crocodilian
 Crocodylia - Alligatoridae
Brachychampsa montana8 Gilmore 1911 crocodilian
 Choristodera -
Champsosaurus sp.7 Cope 1876 choristodere
 Testudinata -
Compsemys victa8 Leidy 1856 turtle
including UCMP 173375 listed by Holroyd & Hutchison (2002)
 Testudinata - Baenidae
Eubaena cephalica8 Hay 1904 turtle
including UCMP 73030 listed by Holroyd & Hutchison (2002)
cf. Baena sp.8 Leidy 1870 turtle
 Testudines - Kinosternoidae
Kinosternoidae sp.17 Holroyd and Hutchison 2002 turtle
Voucher: UCMP 173416
 Testudines - Emydidae
Emydinae indet.8 Rafinesque 1815 turtle
"near Pseudemys?"
 Testudines - Chelydridae
Chelydridae sp.17 Swainson 1839 turtle
Vouchers: UCMP 125773–775
 Testudines - Adocidae
Adocus sp.17 Cope 1868 turtle
Voucher: UCMP 173412
 Testudines - Nanhsiungchelyidae
Basilemys sp.8 Hay 1902 turtle
 Testudines - Pantrionychidae
"Plastomeninae sp." = Plastomenidae17
"Plastomeninae sp." = Plastomenidae17 Hay 1902 turtle
Voucher: UCMP 173418
 Testudines -
"Emarginochelys sp." = Emarginachelys17
"Emarginochelys sp." = Emarginachelys17 Whetstone 1978 turtle
Vouchers: UCMP 125768–772
 Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychidae indet.8, "Aspideretes beecheri" = Trionyx beecheri8
Trionychidae indet.8 Gray 1825 softshell turtle
costal, UCMP unnumbered; plus UCMP 173409 listed by Holroyd & Hutchison (2002)
"Aspideretes beecheri" = Trionyx beecheri8 Hay 1904 softshell turtle
 Testudines - Macrobaenidae
cf. Macrobaenidae sp.17 turtle
Voucher: UCMP 173415
 Squamata -
Varanoidea indet.12 Gray 1827 squamates
caudal; UCMP unnumbered
Colpodontosaurus cracens12 Estes 1964 squamates
UALVP 29781-29784 (dentaries)
Litakis gilmorei8 Estes 1964 squamates
UCMP 49798
Parasaniwa wyomingensis8 Gilmore 1928 squamates
UCMP 49792, 49796, 49799, 54200; AMNH 8103; plus Gao & Fox (1996) specimens: UALVP 33351-33353 (maxilla), 33354 (frontal), 1612, 1616, 33355, 33356 (dentaries)
 Squamata - Anguidae
"Peltosaurus piger" = Odaxosaurus piger8
"Peltosaurus piger" = Odaxosaurus piger8 Gilmore 1928 squamates
UCMP 49761-49790, 49821, 54204, 54208
 Squamata -
Paraderma bogerti8 Estes 1964 squamates
UCMP 54199, 54213
 Squamata - Xenosauridae
Exostinus lancensis8 Gilmore 1928 squamates
UCMP 49847-49850, 49864, 56093; plus specimens reported by Gao & Fox (1996), UALVP 29847 (parietal), 29849-29850 (maxilla), 29838 (dentary)
 Squamata -
Lonchisaurus trichurus n. gen. n. sp.22
Lonchisaurus trichurus n. gen. n. sp.22 Longrich et al. 2012 squamates
Holotype AMNH 15446, dentary
 Squamata - Chamopsiidae
Meniscognathus altmani8 Estes 1964 squamates
UCMP 49837, 49841, 54266; and specimens reported by Gao & Fox 1996; UALVP 29774, 29777, 29834 (dentaries), and 29832 (maxilla)
Haptosphenus placodon8 Estes 1964 squamates
UCMP 49844-49846, 54201, 54209
Leptochamops denticulatus8 Gilmore 1928 squamates
UCMP 49825-49826, 49830, 49832
Chamops segnis8 Marsh 1892 squamates
UCMP 49811-49814, 54206; and specimen reported by Gao & Fox 1996; UALVP 29727, 29729, 29813 (maxillae), and 29814 (dentary)
 Squamata -
"? Sauriscus cooki" = Estescincosaurus cooki8 Estes 1964 squamates
"scincid-like parietals", UCMP
Coniophis precedens21 Marsh 1892 snake
AMNH  22846,  22850,  22851 (maxillae); AMNH 14598, 15621, 15622, 22840‐22845, 22847‐22849, 22940, 25220,  25261, 26817‐26819, 26821‐26824, 26827‐26834, 26999, 27000 (vertebrae) and UCMP  49859, 53930‐53934, 53936‐53944, 73044 (vertebrae)
Alethinophidia "Lance snake"22 snake
Fig. 1J: Lance alethinophidian vertebra
Pariguana lancensis n. gen. n. sp.22 Longrich et al. 2012 squamates
Holotype AMNH 22208, dentary
Mammalia
 Theriamorpha - Gypsonictopidae
Gypsonictops hypoconus6 Simpson 1927 eutherian
 Cimolesta - Cimolestidae
Batodon tenuis6 Marsh 1892 eutherian
Cimolestes stirtoni n. sp.6 Clemens 1973 eutherian
UCMP 48591 - type (left upper molar, probably M2)
Cimolestes incisus6 Marsh 1889 eutherian
 Creodonta -
"Cimolestes magnus" = Altacreodus magnus6
"Cimolestes magnus" = Altacreodus magnus6 Clemens and Russell 1965 creodont
 Theriamorpha - Herpetotheriidae
"Nortedelphys intermedius" = Nortedelphys jasoni4
"Nortedelphys intermedius" = Nortedelphys jasoni4 Storer 1991 marsupial
 Theriamorpha -
Protalphadon lulli5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
 Theriamorpha - Pediomyidae
"Pediomys hatcheri" = Protolambda hatcheri5, "Pediomys florencae" = Protolambda florencae5, Pediomys elegans5, "Pediomys krejcii" = Leptalestes krejcii5, "Pediomys cooki n. sp." = Leptalestes cooki5
"Pediomys hatcheri" = Protolambda hatcheri5 Osborn 1898 metatherian
"Pediomys florencae" = Protolambda florencae5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
Pediomys elegans5 Marsh 1889 metatherian
"Pediomys krejcii" = Leptalestes krejcii5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
this is NOT the type locality, see Clemens 1973
"Pediomys cooki n. sp." = Leptalestes cooki5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
 Theriamorpha - Alphadontidae
Turgidodon rhaister5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
Alphadon marshi5 Simpson 1927 metatherian
includes A. marshi sensu stricto according to Clemens 1973; A. "wilsoni" present according to Lillegraven 1969
 Theriamorpha - Stagodontidae
Didelphodon vorax5 Marsh 1889 metatherian
 Polydolopimorphia - Glasbiidae
Glasbius intricatus n. sp.5 Clemens 1966 metatherian
 Multituberculata -
Cimexomys minor6 Sloan and Van Valen 1965 multituberculate
one "Mesodma" M1 (perhaps M. "formosa") of Clemens 1964a
 Multituberculata - Cimolodontidae
Cimolodon nitidus Marsh 1889 multituberculate
 Multituberculata - Neoplagiaulacidae
Mesodma hensleighi23 Lillegraven 1969 multituberculate
Mesodma formosa Marsh 1889 multituberculate
confirmed by Novacek and Clemens 1977
Mesodma thompsoni Clemens 1964 multituberculate
confirmed by Novacek and Clemens 1977
 Multituberculata - Cimolomyidae
Meniscoessus robustus Marsh 1889 multituberculate
Cimolomys gracilis Marsh 1889 multituberculate
Amphibia
 Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae
Albanerpetontidae indet.13 Fox and Naylor 1982 tetrapod
AMNH 22952-22954,
Albanerpeton nexuosus13 Estes 1981 tetrapod
AMNH 15259, 22950, 22952, 22955, 22959, 27177
 Proteida - Batrachosauroididae
Batrachosauroididae indet.16, Opisthotriton kayi8, "Prodesmodon copei" = Prodesmodon copei8, "Cuttysarkus mcnallyi" = Prodesmodon copei8
Batrachosauroididae indet.16 Auffenberg 1958 salamander
AMNH FARB 22965 (incomplete left dentary) - probable new genus and species,
Opisthotriton kayi8 Auffenberg 1961 salamander
UCMP unnumbered
"Prodesmodon copei" = Prodesmodon copei8 Estes 1964 salamander
UCMP unnumbered
"Cuttysarkus mcnallyi" = Prodesmodon copei8 Estes 1964 salamander
UCMP 54258
 Caudata - Urodela
Habrosaurus dilatus8 Gilmore 1928 siren
UCMP unnumbered
Piceoerpeton naylori15 Gardner 2012 salamander
atlas
Scapherpeton tectum8 Cope 1876 salamander
500+ specimens, unnumbered UCMP
Lisserpeton bairdi9 Estes 1965 salamander
 Salientia - Pelobatidae
cf. Eopelobates sp.14 Parker 1929 spadefoot toad
 Salientia -
Neobatrachia indet.8 frog
ilium
 Salientia - Palaeobatrachidae
Palaeobatrachus occidentalis10 Estes and Sanchíz 1982 frog
UCMP 55705
 Salientia - Discoglossidae
cf. Discoglossidae indet.10 Günther 1859 painted frog
UCMP 55706
 Salientia -
Paradiscoglossus americanus n. gen. n. sp.10, Theatonius lancensis n. gen. n. sp.11
Paradiscoglossus americanus n. gen. n. sp.10 Estes and Sanchíz 1982 frog
UCMP 125827-125829
Theatonius lancensis n. gen. n. sp.11 Fox 1976 frog
UALVP 12073-80, 40162
Actinopteri
 Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus occidentalis8 Leidy 1856 gar
 Amiiformes - Amiidae
"Kindleia fragosa" = Cyclurus fragosus8 Jordan 1927 bowfin
UCMP 54045-54048, 54062, 54073-54074, 54082, 54088, 54092-54093, 54104-54105, 54178-54180, 54188, 54196-54198, 54260, 54262, 56019; + 3 + many unnumbered specimens
cf. Protamia sp.8 Leidy 1873 bowfin
UCMP 56276
Melvius thomasi7 Bryant 1987 bowfin
 Aspidorhynchiformes - Aspidorhynchidae
Belonostomus longirostris8 Lambe 1902
UCP 54000, multiple fragments
 Teleostei -
Teleostei "indet. U-4"1
UALVP 58847, abdominal centra
 Albuliformes - Albulidae
Albulidae indet.8 Bleeker 1859 bonefish
fragments
Coriops sp.1 Estes 1969 bonefish
UALVP 58853, basibranchial element of small size
 Teleostei -
Elopiformes indet.1 Sauvage 1875
UALVP 58837, one complete and one partial centrum
 Elopiformes -
Ostariostoma sp.1 Schaeffer 1949
UALVP 56053, four dentaries represented by their anterior end and one complete dentary
 Elopiformes - Elopidae
Elopidae indet.8 Bonaparte 1846
UCMP 55816-55817
 Elopiformes - Phyllodontidae
Phyllodontidae indet.1 Sauvage 1875
UALVP58837
 Acanthomorphata -
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-1"" = Acanthomorphata1, "Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-2"" = Acanthomorphata1, "Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-3"" = Acanthomorphata1, "Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-4"" = Acanthomorphata1, "Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-6"" = Acanthomorphata1, "Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-5"" = Acanthomorphata1
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-1"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58830, three first abdominal centra; UALVP 58876, 18 abdominal centra
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-2"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58832, six first abdominal centra; UALVP 58831, 14 abdominal centra
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-3"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58833, seven first abdominal centra
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-4"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58836, one first abdominal centrum; UALVP 58834, seven abdominal centra
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-6"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58847, one abdominal centrum
"Acanthomorpha "indet. HC-5"" = Acanthomorphata1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58829, first abdominal centrum
 Teleostei -
Percopsiformes indet.1 Berg 1940
UALVP 59912, dentary
 Acanthomorphata - Sciaenidae
Platacodon nanus8 Marsh 1889
dentaries; UALVP 58851, pharyngeal tooth plate.
 Esociformes - Esocidae
Estesesox sp.1 Wilson et al. 1992
UALVP 58852, dentary; UALVP 58854, palatine; UALVP 58844, centrum type NvC
 Teleostei -
Euteleostei "indet. RvB"1 Rosen 1973
UALVP 58848, one abdominal centrum
Gonorhynchiformes "indet. H"1
UALVP 58842, eight abdominal centra (centrum type HvA)
 Ostariophysi -
"Otophysi "indet. U-3/BvD"" = Otophysa1
"Otophysi "indet. U-3/BvD"" = Otophysa1
UALVP 58839, seven anterior Weberian centra (centrum type U3); UALVP 58840, two possible fourth Weberian centra; UALVP 58838, two abdominal centra (centrum type BvD)
 Teleostei -
Osteoglossomorpha indet.1 Greenwood et al. 1966
= Coriops/Lopadichthys; UALVP 58845, centra of large size; UALVP 58846, centra of small size
 Osteoglossiformes -
aff. Lopadichthys sp.1 Murray et al. 2018
UALVP 56055, dentary
Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis1 Murray et al. 2016
UALVP 56054, centra type BvE
 Hiodontiformes - Hiodontidae
Chondrichthyes
 Hybodontiformes - Lonchidiidae
Lonchidion selachos8 Estes 1964 elasmobranch
UCMP 53905-53906
 Rajiformes - Sclerorhynchidae
Ischyrhiza avonicola8 Estes 1964 ray
UCMP unnumbered
 Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae
Myledaphus bipartitus8 Cope 1876 guitarfish