PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Plesiadapis

Mammalia - Primates - Plesiadapidae

Taxonomy

Plesiadapis was named by Gervais (1877). It is not extant. Its type is Plesiadapis tricuspidens. It is the type genus of Plesiadapidae.

It was assigned to Lemuridae by Schlosser (1877); and to Plesiadapidae by Gervais (1877), Matthew (1917), Hay (1930), Simpson (1936), Simpson (1937), Simpson (1940), Gingerich (1973), Gingerich (1975), Rose and Bown (1982), Gunnell (1989) and McKenna and Bell (1997).

Synonyms

Plesiadapis (Tricuspidens) was named by Lemoine (1887). It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Plesiadapis by Gingerich (1975) and Gingerich (1976).

It was assigned to Plesiadapis by Lemoine (1887).
Menatotherium was named by Piton (1940). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Plesiadapis by Gingerich (1975) and Gingerich (1976).
Plesiadapis (Ancepsoides) was named by Russell (1964). It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Plesiadapis by Gingerich (1975) and Gingerich (1976).

It was assigned to Plesiadapis by Russell (1964).
Plesiadapis chevillionii was named by Lemoine (1880).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Gingerich (1976).
Nothodectes was named by Matthew (1915). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Plesiadapis by Teilhard (1921), Simpson (1928), Simpson (1935), Simpson (1935), Simpson (1937), Gazin (1958), McKenna (1963), Schiebout (1974), Gingerich (1975), Gingerich (1976) and Rose (1981).

It was assigned to Apatemyidae by Matthew (1915); and to Plesiadapidae by Matthew (1917) and Hay (1930).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1877	Plesiadapis Gervais
1877	Plesiadapis Schlosser p. 47
1880	Plesiadapis chevillionii Lemoine p. 588
1887	Plesiadapis (Tricuspidens) Lemoine p. 192
1915	Nothodectes Matthew
1917	Nothodectes Matthew p. 831
1917	Plesiadapis Matthew p. 833
1930	Nothodectes Hay p. 446
1930	Plesiadapis Hay p. 446
1936	Plesiadapis Simpson p. 19
1937	Plesiadapis Simpson p. 167
1940	Menatotherium Piton p. 290
1940	Plesiadapis Simpson p. 202
1964	Plesiadapis (Ancepsoides) Russell p. 115
1973	Plesiadapis Gingerich p. 517
1975	Plesiadapis Gingerich p. 141
1982	Plesiadapis Rose and Bown p. 66
1989	Plesiadapis Gunnell p. 147
1997	Plesiadapis McKenna and Bell

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
—	Euarchonta
order	Primates
—	Euprimateformes
superfamily	Plesiadapoidea
family	Plesiadapidae	Trouessart 1897
genus	Plesiadapis	Gervais 1877

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Plesiadapis Gervais 1877

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†Plesiadapis anceps Simpson 1936

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Invalid names: Plesiadapis jepseni Gazin 1956 [synonym]

†Plesiadapis berruensis Jehle et al. 2018

†Plesiadapis churchilli Gingerich 1975

†Plesiadapis cookei Jepsen 1930

†Plesiadapis dubius Matthew 1915

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Invalid names: Plesiadapis pearcei Gazin 1956 [synonym], Plesiadapis rubeyi Gazin 1942 [synonym]

†Plesiadapis fodinatus Jepsen 1930

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Invalid names: Plesiadapis farisi Dorr 1952 [synonym]

†Plesiadapis gingerichi Rose 1981

†Plesiadapis insignis Piton 1940

†Plesiadapis ploegi De Bast et al. 2018

†Plesiadapis praecursor Gingerich 1975

†Plesiadapis recticuspidens Lemoine 1878

†Plesiadapis remensis Lemoine 1887

†Plesiadapis rex Gidley 1923

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Invalid names: Plesiadapis paskapooensis Russell 1964 [synonym]

†Plesiadapis russelli Gingerich 1976

†Plesiadapis simonsi Gingerich 1975

†Plesiadapis tricuspidens Gervais 1877

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Invalid names: Platychoerops georgei Hooker 1994 [synonym], Plesiadapis (Tricuspidens) gervaisii Lemoine 1887 [synonym]

†Plesiadapis walbeckensis Russell 1964

Invalid names: Menatotherium Piton 1940 [synonym], Nothodectes Matthew 1915 [synonym], Plesiadapis (Ancepsoides) Russell 1964 [invalid subgroup], Plesiadapis (Tricuspidens) Lemoine 1887 [invalid subgroup], Plesiadapis chevillionii Lemoine 1880 [nomen nudum]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsuperf

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

arborealsuperf

Diet:

herbivoresuperf

Reproduction:

viviparoussuperf

Created:

2005-08-24 13:55:49

Modified:

2005-08-24 15:55:49

Source: superf = superfamily, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Ti1 to the top of the Cf1 or 61.70000 to 54.90000 Ma

Collections (189 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (North Dakota)	P. rex (14962)
Torrejonian - Tiffanian	63.8 - 56.8	USA (Wyoming)	P. sp. (14852 14854)
Ti1	61.7 - 56.8	Canada (Alberta)	P. anceps, P. praecursor (14939) P. sp., P. praecursor (14938 195856)
Ti1	61.7 - 56.8	USA (Montana)	P. praecursor (15026)
Ti3	61.7 - 56.8	Canada (Alberta)	P. rex (14928)
Ti4	61.7 - 56.8	Canada (Saskatchewan)	P. churchilli (14978)
Ti5	61.7 - 56.8	USA (Wyoming)	P. simonsi (46654)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	USA (California)	P. anceps (143202) P. churchilli (143201) P. sp. (14963) P. sp., P. anceps (14872)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	Canada (Alberta)	P. churchilli (14951) P. fodinatus (14973) P. gidleyi (14995) P. rex (14949 14954)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	USA (Wyoming)	P. anceps (15061 15062) P. churchilli (14952 14980 14981 14982 14986 190424 190425 190436 190442 190452 190489) P. churchilli, P. fodinatus (15007 15049 15059 85096 190410 190423) P. dubius (190413 190418 190419 190420 190443 190457 190459 190462 190463 190468 190476 190477 190478 190479 190481) P. dubius, P. gingerichi (190412 190417) P. farisi (15036) P. fodinatus (14944 14974 14979 14997 14999 15001 15032 15065 26569 53059 190421 190429 190437 190438 190444 190448 190469 190473 190475 190488 190490) P. fodinatus, P. simonsi (15057) P. jepseni (14989) P. jepseni, P. fodinatus (14964) P. praecursor (15013 15014 15015) P. rex (14926 14936 15017 15031 15060) P. simonsi (87907 190402 190403 190406 190411) P. sp. (15056 15058 15067) P. sp. A (15034)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	USA (Colorado)	P. fodinatus (174227)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	USA (Montana)	P. anceps (14955 14993 15002 15064) P. churchilli (15033 15048) P. praecursor (15025) P. rex (14937 15037)
Tiffanian	61.7 - 56.8	USA (North Dakota)	P. anceps (15006) P. rex (14931) P. sp. (14927 14977) P. sp., P. fodinatus (15000)
Tiffanian - Clarkforkian	61.7 - 54.9	USA (Wyoming)	P. dubius (15035)
Selandian	61.6 - 59.2	Germany (Saxony-Anhalt)	P. walbeckensis (74643)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	France (Auvergne)	P. insignis (137805)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	France (Champagne-Ardenne)	P. tricuspidens (87955 137125) P. tricuspidens, P. remensis (87925 87943 137126) P. tricuspidens, P. remensis, P. berruensis (68428)
Thanetian - Early/Lower Eocene	59.2 - 48.6	France (Marne)	P. remensis, Platychoerops georgei (133367)
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	France (Oise)	P. tricuspidens, Condylarthra indet. (166598)
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	USA (Wyoming)	P. churchilli (15024) P. churchilli, P. fodinatus (15018) P. dubius, P. simonsi (188220)
Cf1	56.2 - 54.9	USA (Wyoming)	P. gingerichi (46649)
Cf2	56.2 - 54.9	USA (Wyoming)	P. dubius (46651 46679)
Cf3	56.2 - 54.9	USA (Wyoming)	P. dubius (46678)
Clarkforkian	56.2 - 54.9	USA (Montana)	P. dubius (15079)
Clarkforkian	56.2 - 54.9	USA (Wyoming)	Chiromyoides major, P. sp., P. sp. (15216) P. cookei (15085 15087 15094 15099 15100 15111 15115 15118 15119 15120 15126 15137 15150 15151 15152 15154 15155 15156 15159 15175 15186 15191 15202 15218) P. cookei, P. dubius (15072 15080 15082 15092) P. cookei, P. dubius, P. gingerichi (15089) P. cookei, P. rubeyi, P. pearcei (15075) P. dubius (15109 15124 15132 15142 15168 15178 15212 164513) P. dubius, P. gingerichi (15176 15183 15204 15213) P. fodinatus (15028) P. gingerichi (15210 190455)
Clarkforkian	56.2 - 54.9	USA (Colorado)	P. dubius (15239 15241 15247 15252 15257)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France (Marne)	P. remensis (35537)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Belgium (Hainaut)	P. remensis (87947)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom (England)	P. tricuspidens, Platychoerops georgei (133368)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Belgium (Brabant)	Platychoerops daubrei (35531)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom	P. remensis (87950)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	France (Île-de-France)	P. russelli (68437)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Wyoming)	P. dubius (15898)