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Trapa (water caltrop)
Taxonomy
Trapa was named by Linnaeus (1753). It is extant. Its type is Trapa natans.
It was assigned to Hydrocaryaceae by Knowlton (1919); and to Trapaceae by Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Hickey (1977), Chauhan (1991), Srivastava (1991), Liu et al. (1996) and Mabberley (2000).
It was assigned to Hydrocaryaceae by Knowlton (1919); and to Trapaceae by Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Hickey (1977), Chauhan (1991), Srivastava (1991), Liu et al. (1996) and Mabberley (2000).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1753 | Trapa Linnaeus |
| 1919 | Trapa Knowlton |
| 1976 | Trapa Lakhanpal et al. |
| 1977 | Trapa Hickey |
| 1991 | Trapa Chauhan |
| 1991 | Trapa Srivastava |
| 1996 | Trapa Liu et al. |
| 2000 | Trapa Mabberley |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Trapa Linnaeus 1753 [water caltrop]
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†Trapa alabamensis Berry 1914
†Trapa americana Knowlton 1898
†Trapa angulata Brown 1962
†Trapa borealis Heer 1869
†Trapa cuneata Knowlton 1900
†Trapa mohgaoensis Paradkar and Patki 1987
Trapa natans Linnaeus 1753
†Trapa occidentalis Knowlton 1898
†Trapa wilcoxensis Berry 1914
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Tertiary or 70.60000 to 2.58000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (63 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Trapa sp. (94370) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Trapa microphylla (34921 34922 34967 34968 34970 35577) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Wyoming) | Trapa angulata (57939 57986 57987 57990) Trapa paulula (41227) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Montana) | Trapa angulata (40098 40100 53845) Trapa paulula (55857) | |
| Paleocene | China (Heilongjiang) | Trapa sp. (223817) | |
| Paleocene | USA (North Dakota) | Trapa angulata (43284) | |
| Paleogene | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Trapa mohgaoensis (224606) | |
| Tertiary - Late/Upper Miocene | Russian Federation (Omsk) | Trapa sp. (24322) | |
| Tertiary | Japan (Gunma) | Trapa angusticerata, Trapa macropoda, Trapa mamminifera (22768) | |
| Clarkforkian | USA (North Dakota) | Trapa angulata (10810) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | China (Sichuan) | Trapa paulula (223847) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene | China (Guangdong) | Trapa paulula (223802) | |
| Chattian | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Trapa sp. (23663 23669) | |
| Chattian - Aquitanian | Germany (Sachsen) | Trapa silesiaca (26765) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Trapa irtyshensis (23907) Trapa sp. (23908) | |
| Miocene | China (Fujian) | Trapa sp. (223929) | |
| Miocene | China (Hebei) | Trapa natans (223818) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Uganda | Trapa natans (22390) | |
| Middle Miocene | Russian Federation (Omsk) | Trapa sp. (24078 24079) | |
| Middle Miocene | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Trapa sp. (24081) | |
| Serravallian | China (Inner Mongolia) | Trapa borealis (223946) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Trapa sp. (27064) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Germany (North Rhine) | Trapa heerii (28046 28055 28132) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Middle Miocene | Russian Federation (Omsk) | Trapa sp. (24093) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Russian Federation (Omsk) | Trapa dolichocarpa (24320) Trapa irtyshensis, Trapa excelsa (24098) Trapa sp. (24094 24099 24286 24317) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | China (Yunnan) | Trapa sp., Trapa protojaponica (222695) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | France (Elsass) | Trapa sp. (21222) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | Japan (Kouwa-cho) | Trapa anteformata, Trapa incisa (22827) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Russian Federation (Omsk) | Trapa sp. (24096) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | China (Yunnan) | Trapa sp. (223878) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (Thuringia) | Trapa sp. (22780) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (Thuringen) | Trapa heerii (22783) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Sichuan) | Trapa sp. (223871) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China | Trapa sp. (51471) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Kyoto City) | Trapa macropoda, Trapa sp. (168071) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Kashmir) | Trapa bispinosa, Trapa natans (224612 224751) | |
| Pleistocene | China (Heilongjiang) | Trapa natans (223990) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Jammu & Kashmir) | Trapa bispinosa, Trapa natans (225944 225945 226733) |